Table 1 Demographics, symptom-related scores, and foot posture of the study participants. BG, bilateral group; BMI, body mass index; FPI, Foot Posture Index; K/L, Kellgren/Lawrence; RML, relatively moderate leg; RSL, relatively severe leg; UG, unilateral group; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, western Ontario McMasters universities osteoarthritis Index.

Age (years)

63.63 ± 1.03

65.87 ± 1.40

64.75 ± 0.87

Gender (male/female)

8/22

5/25

13/60

Height (cm)

156.50 (155.00, 162.00)

156.00 (154.00, 160.50)

156.00 (155.00, 162.00)

Weight (kg)

62.17 ± 1.23

63.62 ± 1.34

62.89 ± 0.91

BMI (kg/m²)

24.57 ± 0.41

25.51 ± 0.46

25.04 ± 0.31

Duration of disease (years)

3.50 (0.88, 5.25)

2.50 (0.48, 6.00)

3.00 (0.50, 6.00)

RSL (left/right)

13/17

14/16

27/43

K/L grade (RSL)

 I

3

1

4

 II

6

10

16

 III

19

17

36

 IV

2

2

4

VAS (RSL)

6.00 (5.00, 7.00)

6.00 (5.75, 7.00)

6.00 (6.00, 7.00)

WOMAC score

 Pain

7.17 ± 0.49

7.50 ± 0.48

7.33 ± 0.34

 Stiffness

2.40 ± 0.26

2.43 ± 0.23

2.42 ± 0.17

 Physical function

25.20 ± 1.25

26.40 ± 1.35

25.80 ± 0.91

 Total

34.77 ± 1.86

36.33 ± 1.76

35.55 ± 1.27

FPI score

 RSL

6.00 (1.50, 7.25)

6.00 (− 1.00, 7.00)

6.00 (− 0.75, 7.00)

 RML

3.50 (− 1.25, 7.25)

4.00 (− 1.00, 6.00)

4.00 (− 1.00, 6.00)

 FPI asymmetry score

1.20 ± 0.58

0.33 ± 0.45

0.77 ± 0.37