Table 4 Correlation between gait and plantar pressure parameters and symmetry indices and foot posture asymmetry, symptom-related scores, and K-L grade. K/L, Kellgren/Lawrence; SI, symmetry index; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, western Ontario McMasters universities osteoarthritis Index. *p < 0.05.
Foot posture asymmetry | VAS | WOMAC (pain) | WOMAC (stiffness) | WOMAC (physical function) | WOMAC (total) | K-L grade | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | |
Step speed (km/h) | − 0.304 | 0.018* | − 0.860 | 0.000* | − 0.628 | 0.000* | − 0.369 | 0.004* | − 0.641 | 0.000* | − 0.687 | 0.000* | − 0.304 | 0.018* |
Stride length (cm) | − 0.199 | 0.127 | 0.077 | 0.557 | 0.037 | 0.779 | 0.032 | 0.796 | 0.108 | 0.412 | 0.092 | 0.485 | − 0.137 | 0.297 |
Stride width (cm) | 0.051 | 0.701 | 0.158 | 0.228 | − 0.065 | 0.619 | 0.154 | 0.241 | 0.097 | 0.460 | 0.087 | 0.509 | 0.105 | 0.426 |
Stride time (ms) | − 0.259 | 0.046* | − 0.025 | 0.850 | − 0.114 | 0.386 | 0.004 | 0.977 | − 0.021 | 0.875 | − 0.045 | 0.733 | − 0.149 | 0.257 |
Double support phase (%) | 0.182 | 0.165 | 0.332 | 0.010* | 0.242 | 0.062 | 0.172 | 0.188 | 0.249 | 0.055 | 0.277 | 0.032* | 0.342 | 0.007* |
SI (step length) (%) | 0.021 | 0.876 | − 0.284 | 0.028* | − 0.036 | 0.783 | − 0.036 | 0.787 | − 0.022 | 0.870 | − 0.042 | 0.751 | − 0.167 | 0.202 |
SI (step time) (%) | 0.088 | 0.502 | − 0.053 | 0.689 | − 0.124 | 0.344 | − 0.004 | 0.975 | − 0.132 | 0.313 | − 0.131 | 0.320 | 0.015 | 0.907 |
SI (standing phase) (%) | − 0.089 | 0.499 | 0.094 | 0.475 | 0.012 | 0.925 | 0.008 | 0.951 | 0.022 | 0.867 | 0.011 | 0.931 | − 0.101 | 0.442 |
SI (swing phase) (%) | − 0.250 | 0.054 | − 0.079 | 0.546 | 0.026 | 0.841 | − 0.105 | 0.425 | − 0.011 | 0.932 | − 0.028 | 0831 | − 0.152 | 0.246 |
SI (single support phase) (%) | − 0.019 | 0.885 | − 0.009 | 0.945 | 0.086 | 0.512 | − 0.035 | 0.788 | 0.035 | 0.789 | − 0.035 | 0.788 | − 0.225 | 0.084 |
SI (peak plantar pressure) (%) | ||||||||||||||
Hallux | 0.138 | 0.292 | 0.132 | 0.316 | − 0.003 | 0.982 | 0.142 | 0.279 | 0.049 | 0.708 | 0.064 | 0.625 | 0.025 | 0.849 |
Toe 2 to 5 | − 0.002 | 0.991 | − 0.118 | 0.368 | − 0.199 | 0.128 | − 0.241 | 0.064 | − 0.099 | 0.452 | − 0.163 | 0.212 | 0.072 | 0.582 |
1st Metatarsal | 0.184 | 0.159 | 0.166 | 0.204 | 0.247 | 0.057 | 0.379 | 0.003* | 0.154 | 0.242 | 0.233 | 0.073 | 0054 | 0.682 |
2nd Metatarsal | − 0.097 | 0.459 | − 0.055 | 0.678 | − 0.016 | 0.901 | − 0.150 | 0.252 | − 0.041 | 0.758 | − 0.039 | 0.767 | − 0.096 | 0.465 |
3rd Metatarsal | 0.066 | 0.618 | − 0.064 | 0.628 | 0.075 | 0.571 | − 0.195 | 0.136 | − 0.052 | 0.691 | − 0.035 | 0.792 | 0.057 | 0.663 |
4th Metatarsal | − 0.106 | 0.419 | − 0.058 | 0.658 | 0.049 | 0.709 | − 0.008 | 0.954 | − 0.095 | 0.469 | − 0.055 | 0.676 | 0.029 | 0.827 |
5th Metatarsal | − 0.346 | 0.007* | − 0.087 | 0.507 | − 0.232 | 0.074 | − 0.092 | 0.483 | − 0.147 | 0.262 | − 0.161 | 0.218 | − 0.126 | 0.336 |
Midfoot | − 0.292 | 0.024* | − 0.076 | 0.563 | 0.014 | 0.915 | − 0.172 | 0.189 | − 0.016 | 0.903 | − 0.026 | 0.845 | − 0.248 | 0.056 |
Lateral heel | 0.214 | 0.101 | 0.083 | 0.529 | − 0.042 | 0.752 | − 0.167 | 0.201 | − 0.069 | 0.600 | − 0.083 | 0.527 | 0.401 | 0.002* |
Medial heel | − 0.044 | 0.739 | − 0.141 | 0.281 | − 0.013 | 0.922 | − 0.030 | 0.818 | − 0.181 | 0.167 | − 0.140 | 0.287 | − 0.127 | 0.335 |