Table 1 General characteristics of the participants.

From: Prevalence and lifestyle determinants of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents

 

Depressive Symptom

Characteristic, n (%)

Total

(N = 32,389)

Yes

(N = 12,932)

No

(N = 19,457)

P value

Sex

   

0.870

Male

16,200(50.0)

6,461(50.0)

9,739(50.1)

.

Female

16,189(50.0)

6,471(50.0)

9,718(49.9)

.

School Level

   

< 0.001

Primary school

10,592(32.7)

2,509(19.4)

8,083(41.5)

.

Junior High school

10,869(33.6)

4,876(37.7)

5,993(30.8)

.

Senior High school

10,928(33.7)

5,547(42.9)

5,381(27.7)

.

Rural

   

< 0.001

Urban

16,497(50.9)

7,007(54.2)

9,490(48.8)

.

Rural

15,892(49.1)

5,925(45.8)

9,967(51.2)

.

Only child in family

   

0.140

No

20,200(63.5)

8,078(64.0)

12,122(63.2)

.

Yes

11,594(36.5)

4,539(36.0)

7,055(36.8)

.

Father’s educational level

   

< 0.001

Primary school and Below

1,709(5.5)

814(6.6)

895(4.8)

.

Junior High school

10,647(34.5)

4,648(37.9)

5,999(32.3)

.

Senior High school

9,800(31.8)

3,735(30.4)

6,065(32.7)

.

College

7,424(24.1)

2,653(21.6)

4,771(25.7)

.

Master and Above

1,249(4.1)

417(3.4)

832(4.5)

.

Mother’s educational level

   

< 0.001

Primary school and Below

3,337(10.8)

1,590(13.0)

1,747(9.4)

.

Junior High school

10,843(35.2)

4,590(37.6)

6,253(33.6)

.

Senior High school

9,062(29.4)

3,516(28.8)

5,546(29.8)

.

College

6,494(21.1)

2,169(17.8)

4,325(23.2)

.

Master and Above

1,078(3.5)

346(2.8)

732(3.9)

.

Frequency of PE class (class/week)

   

< 0.001

1

1,647(5.1)

1,072(8.3)

575(3.0)

.

2

11,943(36.9)

5,888(45.5)

6,055(31.1)

.

3

14,902(46.0)

4,856(37.6)

10,046(51.6)

.

4

1,506(4.6)

459(3.5)

1,047(5.4)

.

≥ 5

2,391(7.4)

657(5.1)

1,734(8.9)

.

“Skipping” PE class

   

< 0.001

Always exist

1,057(3.3)

686(5.3)

371(1.9)

.

Occasionally exist

6,218(19.2)

3,816(29.5)

2,402(12.3)

.

Nonexistence

25,114(77.5)

8,430(65.2)

16,684(85.7)

.

Feeling in PE class

   

< 0.001

No sweat, very relaxed

3,905(12.1)

1,201(9.3)

2,704(13.9)

.

Sweaty, a little tired

20,583(63.5)

8,167(63.2)

12,416(63.8)

.

Sweaty, tired

6,851(21.2)

3,065(23.7)

3,786(19.5)

.

Very sweaty and very tired

1,050(3.2)

499(3.9)

551(2.8)

.

Exercises between classes (times/day)

   

< 0.001

0

497(1.5)

292(2.3)

205(1.1)

.

1

10,943(33.8)

4,800(37.1)

6,143(31.6)

.

2

17,916(55.3)

6,367(49.2)

11,549(59.4)

.

3

844(2.6)

444(3.4)

400(2.1)

.

≥ 4

2,189(6.8)

1,029(8.0)

1,160(6.0)

.

School Sports Meeting (times/year)

   

< 0.001

0

1,546(4.8)

906(7.0)

640(3.3)

.

1

12,541(38.7)

6,206(48.0)

6,335(32.6)

.

2

15,113(46.7)

4,809(37.2)

10,304(53.0)

.

≥ 3

3,189(9.8)

1,011(7.8)

2,178(11.2)

.

Exercise time in school (hours/day)

   

< 0.001

<0.5 h

1,619(5.0)

1,106(8.6)

513(2.6)

.

0.5-1 h

12,831(39.6)

6,128(47.4)

6,703(34.5)

.

1-2 h

14,076(43.5)

4,568(35.3)

9,508(48.9)

.

>2 h

3,863(11.9)

1,130(8.7)

2,733(14.0)

.

Muscle strength Training (day/week)

   

< 0.001

0

3,035(9.4)

1,855(14.3)

1,180(6.1)

.

1

4,197(13.0)

2,360(18.2)

1,837(9.4)

.

2

7,231(22.3)

3,363(26.0)

3,868(19.9)

.

3

6,546(20.2)

2,332(18.0)

4,214(21.7)

.

4

2,520(7.8)

783(6.1)

1,737(8.9)

.

≥ 5

8,860(27.4)

2,239(17.3)

6,621(34.0)

.

Physical activity, METs/day

   

< 0.001

<2

9,521(30.0)

4,574(36.3)

4,947(25.8)

.

2-

9,483(29.9)

3,875(30.8)

5,608(29.3)

.

4-

5,825(18.3)

1,934(15.4)

3,891(20.3)

.

6-

6,925(21.8)

2,202(17.5)

4,723(24.6)

.

Afternoon nap time

   

< 0.001

≤ 10 min

3,714(11.7)

1,885(14.9)

1,829(9.6)

.

≤ 30 min

12,428(39.1)

4,973(39.4)

7,455(39.0)

.

≤ 60 min

12,882(40.6)

4,901(38.8)

7,981(41.7)

.

> 60 min

2,732(8.6)

868(6.9)

1,864(9.7)

.

Sleeping time, hour/day

   

< 0.001

< 8

10,456(33.3)

5,804(46.8)

4,652(24.5)

 

8-

7,956(25.3)

3,219(25.9)

4,737(24.9)

 

9-

7,875(25.1)

2,264(18.2)

5,611(29.5)

 

10-

5,122(16.3)

1,127(9.1)

3,995(21.0)

 

Screen time, min/day

   

< 0.001

< 10

8,770(33.0)

2,452(25.5)

6,318(37.3)

 

10-

7,135(26.9)

2,499(26.0)

4,636(27.4)

 

30-

5,171(19.5)

2,104(21.9)

3,067(18.1)

 

60-

5,470(20.6)

2,560(26.6)

2,910(17.2)

 

Having breakfast (day/week)

   

< 0.001

0

368(1.1)

240(1.9)

128(0.7)

.

1

288(0.9)

233(1.8)

55(0.3)

.

2

353(1.1)

258(2.0)

95(0.5)

.

3

424(1.3)

306(2.4)

118(0.6)

.

4

334(1.0)

233(1.8)

101(0.5)

.

5

1,122(3.5)

747(5.8)

375(1.9)

.

6

1,472(4.5)

953(7.4)

519(2.7)

.

7

28,028(86.5)

9,962(77.0)

18,066(92.9)

.

Having eggs (days/weeks)

   

< 0.001

0

2,570(7.9)

1,535(11.9)

1,035(5.3)

.

1

2,155(6.7)

1,209(9.3)

946(4.9)

.

2

2,777(8.6)

1,521(11.8)

1,256(6.5)

.

3

3,135(9.7)

1,573(12.2)

1,562(8.0)

.

4

1,734(5.4)

792(6.1)

942(4.8)

.

5

3,279(10.1)

1,386(10.7)

1,893(9.7)

.

6

2,148(6.6)

851(6.6)

1,297(6.7)

.

7

14,591(45.0)

4,065(31.4)

10,526(54.1)

.

Drinking milk/yogurt/soy milk (days/weeks)

   

< 0.001

0

1,799(5.6)

1,095(8.5)

704(3.6)

.

1

1,574(4.9)

876(6.8)

698(3.6)

.

2

2,419(7.5)

1,355(10.5)

1,064(5.5)

.

3

2,767(8.5)

1,455(11.3)

1,312(6.7)

.

4

1,722(5.3)

791(6.1)

931(4.8)

.

5

3,051(9.4)

1,322(10.2)

1,729(8.9)

.

6

2,030(6.3)

864(6.7)

1,166(6.0)

.

7

17,027(52.6)

5,174(40.0)

11,853(60.9)

.

Sugary Drinks (times/day)

   

< 0.001

no

11,172(34.5)

3,216(24.9)

7,956(40.9)

.

< 1 time/day

16,750(51.7)

7,264(56.2)

9,486(48.8)

.

1 time/day

2,482(7.7)

1,313(10.2)

1,169(6.0)

.

2 time/day

678(2.1)

399(3.1)

279(1.4)

.

3 time/day

228(0.7)

127(1.0)

101(0.5)

.

4 time/day

139(0.4)

89(0.7)

50(0.3)

.

5 time/day

940(2.9)

524(4.1)

416(2.1)

.

  1. Note: Missing numbers are as follows: only child, 595; father’s education, 1560; mother’s education, 1575; sleep time, 980; napping time: 633; physical activity, 635; screen time, 5843.
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