Table 2 Crude and adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms for each risk factor and logistic regression results.
From: Prevalence and lifestyle determinants of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents
Population | Depression | Crude rate (95% CI) | Adjusted rate (95% CI)# | Adjusted OR# (95%CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Only child in family | ||||||
No | 20,200 | 8078 | 40.0(39.3-40.7) | 40.9(40.2-41.6) | ref | ref |
Yes | 11,594 | 4539 | 39.2(38.3-40.0) | 37.3(36.4-38.2) | 0.85(0.80-0.90) | <0.001 |
Father’s education level | ||||||
Primary school and Below | 1709 | 814 | 47.6(45.3-50.0) | 48.8(46.4-51.2) | ref | ref |
Junior High school | 10,647 | 4648 | 43.7(42.7-44.6) | 43.0(42.1-44.0) | 0.88(0.77-1.00) | 0.057 |
Senior High school | 9800 | 3735 | 38.1(37.2-39.1) | 38.1(37.1-39.0) | 0.72(0.63-0.82) | <0.001 |
College | 7424 | 2653 | 35.7(34.6-36.8) | 35.8(34.7-36.9) | 0.64(0.56-0.73) | <0.001 |
Master and Above | 1249 | 417 | 33.4(30.8-36.0) | 36.1(33.5-38.8) | 0.61(0.50-0.74) | <0.001 |
Mother’s education level | ||||||
Primary school and Below | 3337 | 1590 | 47.6(46.0-49.3) | 46.7(45.0-48.4) | ref | ref |
Junior High school | 10,843 | 4590 | 42.3(41.4-43.3) | 42.0(41.1-43.0) | 0.88(0.80-0.97) | 0.011 |
Senior High school | 9062 | 3516 | 38.8(37.8-39.8) | 38.6(37.6-39.6) | 0.77(0.69-0.85) | <0.001 |
College | 6494 | 2169 | 33.4(32.3-34.5) | 34.2(33.1-35.4) | 0.63(0.57-0.70) | <0.001 |
Master and Above | 1078 | 346 | 32.1(29.3-34.9) | 36.4(33.5-39.3) | 0.66(0.55-0.80) | <0.001 |
PE classes per week | ||||||
0-1 | 1647 | 1072 | 65.1(62.8-67.4) | 63.5(61.1-65.8) | ref | ref |
2 | 11,943 | 5888 | 49.3(48.4-50.2) | 47.2(46.3-48.1) | 0.52(0.45-0.59) | <0.001 |
3 | 14,902 | 4856 | 32.6(31.8-33.3) | 37.2(36.5-38.0) | 0.39(0.34-0.45) | <0.001 |
4 | 1506 | 459 | 30.5(28.2-32.8) | 31.3(29.0-33.7) | 0.40(0.33-0.49) | <0.001 |
≥5 | 2391 | 657 | 27.5(25.7-29.3) | 33.2(31.3-35.1) | 0.29(0.24-0.35) | <0.001 |
Exercise time (hours/day) | ||||||
<0.5 | 1619 | 1106 | 68.3(66.0-70.6) | 64.5(62.1-66.8) | ref | ref |
0.5-1 | 12,831 | 6128 | 47.8(46.9-48.6) | 47.2(46.3-48.1) | 0.43(0.37-0.49) | <0.001 |
1-2 | 14,076 | 4568 | 32.5(31.7-33.2) | 33.3(32.5-34.1) | 0.24(0.21-0.28) | <0.001 |
≥2 | 3863 | 1130 | 29.3(27.8-30.7) | 30.6(29.1-32.0) | 0.19(0.16-0.23) | <0.001 |
Muscle strength Training (day/week) | ||||||
0 | 3035 | 1855 | 61.1(59.4-62.9) | 56.4(54.6-58.2) | ref | ref |
1 | 4197 | 2360 | 56.2(54.7-57.7) | 54.5(53.0-56.1) | 0.86(0.76-0.98) | 0.021 |
2 | 7231 | 3363 | 46.5(45.4-47.7) | 45.4(44.2-46.5) | 0.57(0.51-0.64) | <0.001 |
3 | 6546 | 2332 | 35.6(34.5-36.8) | 36.4(35.2-37.6) | 0.42(0.37-0.47) | <0.001 |
4 | 2520 | 783 | 31.1(29.3-32.9) | 31.6(29.8-33.4) | 0.33(0.29-0.39) | <0.001 |
≥5 | 8860 | 2239 | 25.3(24.4-26.2) | 27.6(26.6-28.5) | 0.26(0.23-0.29) | <0.001 |
METs/day | ||||||
<2 | 9521 | 4574 | 48.0(47.0-49.0) | 48.3(47.3-49.3) | ref | ref |
2- | 9483 | 3875 | 40.9(39.9-41.9) | 39.7(38.7-40.7) | 0.68(0.63-0.73) | <0.001 |
4- | 5825 | 1934 | 33.2(32.0-34.4) | 33.7(32.5-34.9) | 0.52(0.48-0.57) | <0.001 |
6- | 6925 | 2202 | 31.8(30.7-32.9) | 33.6(32.5-34.7) | 0.49(0.45-0.53) | <0.001 |
Afternoon nap time | ||||||
≤10 | 3714 | 1885 | 50.8(49.1-52.4) | 53.9(52.3-55.6) | ref | ref |
10-30 | 12,428 | 4973 | 40.0(39.2-40.9) | 42.0(41.2-42.9) | 0.56(0.50-0.62) | <0.001 |
30-60 | 12,882 | 4901 | 38.0(37.2-38.9) | 36.3(35.5-37.2) | 0.43(0.38-0.47) | <0.001 |
>60 | 2732 | 868 | 31.8(30.0-33.5) | 34.2(32.5-36.0) | 0.30(0.26-0.34) | <0.001 |
Sleeping time, hour/day | ||||||
<8 | 10,456 | 5804 | 55.5(54.6-56.5) | 53.4(52.4-54.3) | ref | ref |
8- | 7956 | 3219 | 40.5(39.4-41.5) | 38.9(37.8-39.9) | 0.56(0.52-0.60) | <0.001 |
9- | 7875 | 2264 | 28.7(27.8-29.7) | 30.9(29.9-31.9) | 0.34(0.30-0.37) | <0.001 |
10- | 5122 | 1127 | 22.0(20.9-23.1) | 33.7(32.4-35.0) | 0.23(0.20-0.26) | <0.001 |
Screen time, min/day | ||||||
<10 | 8770 | 2452 | 28.0(27.0-28.9) | 30.2(29.2-31.1) | ref | ref |
10- | 7135 | 2499 | 35.0(33.9-36.1) | 35.1(34.0-36.2) | 1.27(1.18-1.38) | <0.001 |
30- | 5171 | 2104 | 40.7(39.3-42.0) | 38.9(37.5-40.2) | 1.56(1.44-1.69) | <0.001 |
60- | 5470 | 2560 | 46.8(45.5-48.1) | 45.4(44.1-46.7) | 2.07(1.91-2.25) | <0.001 |
Having breakfast (day/week) | ||||||
0 | 368 | 240 | 65.2(60.4-70.1) | 61.4(56.5-66.4) | ref | ref |
1 | 288 | 233 | 80.9(76.4-85.4) | 81.7(77.3-86.2) | 1.69(0.97-2.94) | 0.063 |
2 | 353 | 258 | 73.1(68.5-77.7) | 73.6(69.0-78.2) | 1.11(0.71-1.74) | 0.650 |
3 | 424 | 306 | 72.2(67.9-76.4) | 69.8(65.4-74.1) | 1.33(0.87-2.05) | 0.192 |
4 | 334 | 233 | 69.8(64.8-74.7) | 66.8(61.8-71.9) | 1.14(0.73-1.79) | 0.556 |
5 | 1122 | 747 | 66.6(63.8-69.3) | 65.3(62.5-68.1) | 0.96(0.67-1.36) | 0.805 |
6 | 1472 | 953 | 64.7(62.3-67.2) | 63.3(60.9-65.8) | 0.87(0.62-1.22) | 0.414 |
7 | 28,028 | 9962 | 35.5(35.0-36.1) | 36.0(35.4-36.6) | 0.28(0.20-0.38) | <0.001 |
Having eggs (days/week) | ||||||
0 | 2570 | 1535 | 59.7(57.8-61.6) | 56.8(54.9-58.8) | ref | ref |
1 | 2155 | 1209 | 56.1(54.0-58.2) | 56.9(54.8-59.0) | 0.88(0.76-1.03) | 0.108 |
2 | 2777 | 1521 | 54.8(52.9-56.6) | 53.4(51.5-55.3) | 0.82(0.71-0.94) | 0.006 |
3 | 3135 | 1573 | 50.2(48.4-51.9) | 49.2(47.4-50.9) | 0.64(0.56-0.74) | <0.001 |
4 | 1734 | 792 | 45.7(43.3-48.0) | 44.6(42.3-47.0) | 0.51(0.44-0.60) | <0.001 |
5 | 3279 | 1386 | 42.3(40.6-44.0) | 41.6(39.9-43.3) | 0.46(0.40-0.53) | <0.001 |
6 | 2148 | 851 | 39.6(37.6-41.7) | 39.3(37.2-41.4) | 0.42(0.36-0.49) | <0.001 |
7 | 14,591 | 4065 | 27.9(27.1-28.6) | 29.2(28.5-30.0) | 0.27(0.24-0.30) | <0.001 |
Drinking milk/yogurt/soy milk (days/weeks) | ||||||
0 | 1799 | 1095 | 60.9(58.6-63.1) | 59.2(56.9-61.4) | ref | ref |
1 | 1574 | 876 | 55.7(53.2-58.1) | 56.8(54.3-59.2) | 0.70(0.59-0.85) | 0.000 |
2 | 2419 | 1355 | 56.0(54.0-58.0) | 55.4(53.4-57.4) | 0.79(0.67-0.93) | 0.005 |
3 | 2767 | 1455 | 52.6(50.7-54.4) | 51.4(49.5-53.3) | 0.65(0.55-0.76) | <0.001 |
4 | 1722 | 791 | 45.9(43.6-48.3) | 44.7(42.4-47.1) | 0.50(0.42-0.59) | <0.001 |
5 | 3051 | 1322 | 43.3(41.6-45.1) | 42.2(40.4-43.9) | 0.44(0.38-0.52) | <0.001 |
6 | 2030 | 864 | 42.6(40.4-44.7) | 42.3(40.1-44.4) | 0.43(0.36-0.51) | <0.001 |
7 | 17,027 | 5174 | 30.4(29.7-31.1) | 31.2(30.5-31.9) | 0.27(0.24-0.31) | <0.001 |
Sugary Drinks (times/week) | ||||||
0 | 11,172 | 3216 | 28.8(27.9-29.6) | 31.2(30.4-32.1) | ref | ref |
<1 | 16,750 | 7264 | 43.4(42.6-44.1) | 41.8(41.1-42.5) | 1.69(1.58-1.80) | <0.001 |
1 | 2482 | 1313 | 52.9(50.9-54.9) | 53.6(51.6-55.5) | 2.76(2.44-3.11) | <0.001 |
2 | 678 | 399 | 58.9(55.1-62.6) | 57.8(54.1-61.5) | 3.63(2.88-4.57) | <0.001 |
3 | 228 | 127 | 55.7(49.3-62.2) | 55.1(48.6-61.5) | 3.23(2.20-4.75) | <0.001 |
4 | 139 | 89 | 64.0(56.1-72.0) | 59.0(50.8-67.2) | 3.53(1.93-6.47) | <0.001 |
≥5 | 940 | 524 | 55.7(52.6-58.9) | 55.0(51.8-58.2) | 2.07(1.68-2.54) | <0.001 |
