Table 2 Comprehensive summary of literature review research by author.

Risk assessment: A case of Singapore’s green projects

Low response rate to the survey, limited geographical scope (Singapore)

Assess risks in Singapore’s green building projects using a fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) model

Limited studies on risk management in green building projects

Questionnaire survey from project managers, FSE risk assessment model

Risk management study that identifies the most critical risks in green building projects in Singapore.

Uzbekistan’s Transition to a Green Economy, Problems, and Solutions

Challenges with effective policy implementation, legal gaps, and interdepartmental cooperation

Analyze problems and provide solutions for Uzbekistan’s green economy transition

Lack of comprehensive strategies and cooperation in implementing green policies

Analytical review of existing policies, legal frameworks, and ecological programs

Focuses on Uzbekistan’s transition to a green economy, discussing the importance of sustainable practices and policies.

The present situation, problems, and countermeasures of green investment in China

Financing channels are limited and costly; low leverage of financial funds

Understand the current green investment situation and provide countermeasures

Insufficient financing channels and inefficiency in the green investment mechanism

Statistical analysis of green investments and related activities, covering six main investor groups

Discusses green investment in China and proposes solutions for expanding financing channels and improving efficiency.

Green building standards and Certification systems

Time and resource constraints for data collection and modeling, subjectivity in impact result conversions.

Enhance green building standards, improve energy and environmental performance in the construction sector.

Limited data availability, especially for new technology like nanotech, lack of unified green product definitions.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate environmental burdens across a product’s lifecycle.

Focuses on enhancing building sustainability by adopting green building standards and certifications to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption.

Green Project Management

Gathering reliable inventory data is resource-intensive; subjective decisions in LCA scoring.

Guide project managers in incorporating sustainability into project decisions.

Insufficient transparency in LCA data modeling and varied methodologies.

Use of frameworks like ISO 14,040 and software tools like SimaPro and GaBi for conducting LCA.

Discusses the integration of green techniques in project management, particularly through lifecycle assessments to identify high-impact areas and improve sustainability in projects.

Green projects: An information drives analysis of four cases

Lack of environmental policy, insufficient managerial support for green efforts.

Enhance efficiency in project management by focusing on sustainability and environmental risk management.

Difficulty in securing management commitment and funding for green initiatives.

Use of decision-making tools like SMARTER and greenality principles to guide sustainable project execution.

This document focuses on how to run projects efficiently while integrating sustainability measures, emphasizing a framework for implementing and monitoring green initiatives in project management.

Engaging Consultants in Green Projects in Malaysia

Data limited to Vietnam and developing countries; results are subjective due to participant judgment

To develop a risk assessment (RA) model for Green Building (GB) projects in Vietnam

Lack of research on risk assessments for GB projects in developing countries

Developed an RA model based on impact level, probability, and RM, applied to GB projects in Vietnam

This paper develops a practical RA model to assess GB project risks in Vietnam, identifying critical risk factors and proposing mitigation strategies

Managing Green Building Development: Singapore Case Study

Project was constrained by legal and environmental regulations

Explore legal and environmental challenges in renewable energy projects like the Open View Solar Farm

Lack of clear integration between environmental and development policies

Analysis of legal and policy documents on environmental regulations for solar projects

This document examines the challenges and legal obstacles faced by solar farm projects within the U.S. regulatory framework

Risk Assessment Model for Green Building Projects in Vietnam

Limited credible research on benefits of green buildings; high cost of green practices

Compare conventional and green building processes; Identify challenges in green building construction

Need for more research on green building benefits and communication among project members

Literature review and interviews with project managers to identify common challenges and solutions

The paper identifies cost, communication, and research challenges in green projects and proposes solutions like government incentives and regular meetings

Sustainable Construction: Green vs. Conventional

Based on Malaysian context, limiting generalization; lack of green consultants

Explore engagement methods for project consultants in Malaysian green projects

Limited research on how consultants are engaged in green construction

Qualitative interviews with 18 respondents from green-certified projects

This paper examines consultant engagement methods in green projects, comparing client-driven and architect-driven approaches, and highlighting selection criteria

The Effectiveness of Green Building Initiatives

The extra work in green projects introduces complexity in planning and managing.

To assess the additional tasks and risks involved in green building projects in various stages.

There is limited understanding of the extra work required in green building projects.

Case study approach analyzing tasks across different green building development stages.

Explores the additional tasks required in green building projects, focusing on legal, market, and technical complexities during project implementation

Green Building Development Process: Challenges and Opportunities

The limited expertise in green building practices poses a challenge.

To identify key challenges and opportunities in green building development.

A lack of experienced consultants and professionals in green building projects.

Qualitative interviews with project managers, architects, and contractors involved in green building development.

This study focuses on the knowledge gaps and challenges faced in the green building sector, emphasizing the need for better expertise and consultant engagement strategies.

Agile Manifesto

Lack of documentation isn’t eliminated but reduced; Agile is context-specific, not a universal solution

Promote agile methodologies focusing on collaboration, adaptability, and working software

Resistance to agile due to misconceptions of it being “light” or a “hacker” approach

Creation of Agile Manifesto and principles, formed by 17 experts through discussions and practice

The Agile Manifesto emphasizes collaboration, responding to change, and working software over rigid documentation and processes.

Using Six Sigma to Improve Outcomes in Higher Education

Limited findings on the long-term impact of Six Sigma in educational environments

Implement Six Sigma methodology in higher education to improve student outcomes

The application of Six Sigma in education is under-explored and lacks cost/benefit analysis

DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) applied in two phases in an educational setting

Six Sigma was applied in an educational institute to improve processes, showing potential for enhancing outcomes, though further analysis is required.

Green Building Project Management: Obstacles and Solutions for Sustainable Development

High initial costs, lack of green product info, complex legislation, and unequal benefits distribution

Identify obstacles in green building project management and propose solutions to encourage sustainable construction

Lack of a proper project management framework for green building projects in Singapore

Surveys and interviews with 31 experts; review of existing frameworks and project delivery systems

Examines challenges in managing green building projects and proposes solutions like widening government incentives and developing a PM framework.

Agile Six Sigma in Healthcare: Case Study at Santobono Pediatric Hospital

Focus on a single hospital unit; tested only on infant neuropsychiatry, with no classical statistical pre–post analyses

Improve patient access to clinical services using Agile and Six Sigma approaches

ack of efficient models to handle patient no-shows

Discrete event simulation (DES) with DMAIC methodology

Combines Agile and Six Sigma to improve patient absenteeism management, applying a simulation model to test overbooking strategies

An Analytical Approach in Usage of Agile Methodologies in Construction

The new method brings confusion and ambiguity when implemented in traditional setting

Develop a controlled framework to handle the dynamic nature of construction projects

Poor application of agile methods in construction; delays due to design & change orders

Application of Agile management (Scrum, sprints) in construction

Agile methods are applied to construction management to better handle change orders and improve project outcomes

Comparative Analysis of Project Management Approaches

Comparison only between existing frameworks, with limited practical implementation

Analyze and compare Agile, Lean, Six Sigma, and Traditional PM methodologies

Existing literature lacks a comprehensive comparison of all four approach

Literature review and comparative analysis​

A detailed comparison of Agile, Lean, Six Sigma, and Traditional PM to find strengths and areas for integration

Systematic Review of Agile Methodology

Sampling process may limit the robustness of findings

Bridge the gap between practical and theoretical interpretations of Agile

No prior systematic literature review with a temporal perspective

Systematic literature review with text mining and contingency analysis

Reviews the evolution of Agile and highlights under-researched areas in management theories

Agile Project Management for Design-Build Construction Projects: A Case Study

Waterfall Project Management is still dominant despite DB methods. Scrum limited by a lack of research on its application throughout entire DB lifecycle.

To explore Scrum’s applicability to Design-Build projects, aiming to enhance communication, cost, and schedule control.

Lack of research on applying Agile (Scrum) to Design-Build projects, particularly during the entire design and construction phases.

Case study applying Scrum to a Design-Build school project in Washington D.C.

Demonstrates Scrum’s potential benefits in cost and schedule control for Design-Build projects but calls for further research into scalability across whole project lifecycles.

Innovation by Integration of Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Method with Scrum-Kanban

Kanban cannot predict bottlenecks in the flow, leading to potential workflow stoppage.

To integrate DBR with Scrum-Kanban to improve throughput in Agile Project Management.

Lack of research integrating DBR with Scrum-Kanban in the context of agile project management.

Monte Carlo simulation of Scrum-Kanban combined with DBR to test four workflow scenarios.

Shows that integrating DBR with Scrum-Kanban increases throughput and minimizes workflow bottlenecks, with optimal performance in the modified “Unbalanced Line” scenario.

Agile Methods Comparison: Kanban vs. Scrum vs. XP

Scrum struggles with large-scale automation, workflow, and testing, especially in complex or distributed projects.

To compare Scrum, Kanban, and XP in terms of applicability to various types of projects.

Difficulty in scaling Agile methods for larger, complex, and distributed projects.

Comparative analysis based on the application of Scrum, Kanban, and XP in different types of agile environments.

Each method has distinct strengths: Scrum excels in managing cross-functional teams, Kanban in workflow visualization, and XP in rapid iterative feedback for software.

Scrum Model Scaling for Large Distributed Projects

Lack of automation and experienced team members in Scrum leads to inefficiencies in large projects.

Propose a scalable Scrum model for large, distributed projects.

Challenges in scaling Scrum to larger, distributed teams, particularly in testing and workflow automation.

Modified Scrum model addressing workflow and team structure issues in large, distributed projects.

Proposes scaling solutions for Scrum in large projects by separating traditional and innovative tasks, though challenges remain in automation and team management.

Agile Methodology in Education of IT Students

Lack of precise Agile definitions, especially in non-IT projects

Teach IT students Agile methodology through real-world projects and Scrum applications

Inconsistent definitions of Agile

Real-world application of Agile and Scrum in education

Discusses the application of Agile methodologies like Scrum and Kanban in IT education, focusing on teamwork, incremental development, and iterative approaches

Scrum Project Management

Difficulties with integration of conventional and Scrum methods

To implement Scrum and Agile for effective project management in various industries

Need for a balance between traditional and Agile methodologies in management

Scrum framework implementation, sprints, and daily Scrum meetings

Highlights the use of Scrum in project management to improve efficiency and adaptability

Developing Agile Skills in IT Courses

Limited to IT-specific applications, may not translate well to non-IT disciplines

Teach Agile methods like Scrum to IT students

Lack of Agile training at non-IT departments

Interactive workshops, real-world Scrum team simulations

Describes teaching methods aimed at imparting Agile development skills through simulations, coding exercises, and iterative teamwork

Challenges and Success Factors for Large-Scale Agile Transformations

Large-scale transformations face coordination difficulties between teams

Analyze success factors for Agile transformations in large organizations

Limited studies on large-scale Agile applications​

Systematic literature review of large-scale Agile transformations

A review of challenges and key success factors for scaling Agile in larger organizations, focusing on coordination, communication, and resource management​

BIM in Principle and in Practice” (Barnes & Davies)

BIM adoption is slow due to technical complexity and lack of industry-wide standards.

To explain the basic principles of BIM and its practical application in various construction projects.

Limited understanding of BIM among many in the construction industry.

Review of BIM principles, case studies of BIM applications in railway stations and precast concrete projects.

Provides a comprehensive introduction to BIM, discussing its potential to revolutionize the construction industry through improved collaboration and efficiency. Highlights case studies of BIM applied to complex projects.

Green BIM: Future Potential for Green Building Projects

Difficulty in integrating all green building aspects into BIM; limited use in construction due to lack of standardized strategies.

To explore how BIM can be applied to green building projects to improve sustainability and streamline certification processes.

Gap between academic research on BIM and practical use in green building construction.

Literature review, analysis of Green BIM applications in building design, and potential for integration with certification systems like LEED.

Examines how BIM can be used to support green building projects, improve energy efficiency, and streamline certification. It emphasizes the potential for using BIM in life-cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability measures for future construction.

The Role of BIM Technologies in Education Systems

Challenges in integrating BIM into educational environments due to varying levels of technological infrastructure in institutions.

To highlight the importance of BIM for developing technological competence in engineering and education.

Lack of educational consortia and global educational resources using BIM.

Review of educational processes and the integration of BIM technologies in curricula for engineers and educators.

Discusses the necessity of incorporating BIM technologies in the educational system to foster the technological competence required for future engineers. It promotes BIM’s role in practical training and addresses the creation of an open information-educational environment for collaboration and global knowledge-sharing.

BIM Benefits and its Influence on BIM Implementation in Malaysia

Lack of awareness and proper understanding of BIM benefits among construction companies

To identify significant BIM benefits influencing implementation and scrutinize the relationship between BIM benefits and implementation in Malaysia

Lack of comprehensive research evaluating Malaysian construction stakeholders’ perception of BIM benefits

Survey of construction professionals in Malaysia (questionnaires)

Explores BIM’s potential to increase productivity, time, cost savings, and enhance communication among stakeholders

Employ 6D-BIM Model Features for Building Sustainability Assessment

Economic, technical, and awareness-related constraints in integrating BIM with sustainability in Iraqi construction projects

To investigate the benefits of BIM as a project management tool for building sustainability

Lack of BIM integration with sustainability in Iraq

Framework based on ISO 1440, detailing phases from 3D to 6D

Explains the 6D BIM model’s potential for sustainability, including lifecycle costing and energy performance analysis

Integration of BIM Dimensions for Project Management and Sustainability

High initial costs, insufficient industrial development, and lack of trained BIM engineers

To explore BIM’s dimensions from 1D to 10D and their impact on construction efficiency and sustainability

Insufficient adoption of BIM’s higher dimensions (above 5D)

Review of literature on BIM dimensions and their applications

Analyzes BIM’s extended dimensions, including industrialized construction (10D), sustainability (6D), and building management (7D)

Research on Collaborative Design System of Green Building Information Model

Limited collaboration between designers, weak information flow in traditional design systems.

To establish a collaborative green building information model (GBIM) decision-making system.

Traditional architectural design hinders green building collaborative efforts, affecting efficiency and sustainability.

IDEF0 method, traffic simulation, building information modeling (BIM)

Proposes a GBIM-based decision-making system to improve resource utilization and coordination throughout a building’s lifecycle.

Information Flow Modeling Technology of GBIM

Complex and chaotic information flow in green building projects, difficulty in handling information exchanges efficiently.

To introduce GBIM with information flow technology for improved green building design and management.

Lack of a systematic and efficient method to manage information flow and task coordination in green building projects.

IDEF0v modeling technique, hierarchical graph structure

Explores using information flow modeling to improve task coordination, ensuring efficiency in green building designs through data management and task synergy.

The Level of Importance of Criteria and Sub-Criteria in Green Building Index Malaysia

Limited local adaptability of green building evaluation systems, disparity between current criteria and actual needs.

To evaluate the importance of different criteria and sub-criteria in the Green Building Index Malaysia (GBIM).

Current GBIM places undue emphasis on energy efficiency, while other criteria, like indoor environmental quality, are undervalued.

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), pair-wise comparison

Assesses the importance of criteria like energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality in Malaysia’s GBIM system, suggesting recalibration of priorities.

Feasibility Study of Agile in Construction

Limited flexibility in adoption, lack of empirical evidence for construction

Assess Agile’s benefits in construction projects

Lack of research on Agile outside IT

Literature review, case studies

Agile can improve project flexibility, reduce delays, and enhance stakeholder satisfaction in construction

Agile in Construction Projects

Small sample size, participant bias, high cost

Investigate Agile’s challenges and potential in construction

Limited studies on Agile’s obstacles in construction

Qualitative interviews with 20 project managers

Agile offers benefits like improved flexibility and resource management but faces cultural resistance and high costs

Agile Frameworks in Construction Project Management

Limited access to non-English articles, incomplete data

Systematic review of Agile’s role in construction management

Few studies on Agile’s integration with Lean and BIM

Systematic review of 37 articles from 2006–2023

Agile frameworks boost productivity, cost control, and communication but face resistance to change in construction

A Framework for Utilization of Agile Management in Construction

Traditional methods lack flexibility and delay problem-solving.

Introduce Agile Project Management in construction.

Limited application of agile in construction projects.

Literature review, framework development, case studies.

Proposes a framework for agile use in construction to improve adaptability and efficiency.