Fig. 6

Early life SOS enhances reward-related spatial learning/cognition in female rats. (A) Male rats exposed to early life SOS and controls exhibited similar latencies to reach the arm that was previously baited with a reward (p = 0.23). (B) Female rats exposed to early life SOS exhibited a reduction in latency to a reach previously reward-baited arm compared to control females (p = 0.007). (C) SOS and control males exhibited similar latencies to reach the non-reward baited (i.e., control) arm of the T-maze (p = 0.90). (D) SOS and control female rats exhibited no differences in latency to reach the non-baited arm of the T-maze (p = 0.07). (E) SOS and control males travelled similar distances in the T-Maze (p = 0.52). (F) SOS and control female rats travelled similar distances in the T-Maze (p = 0.63). White bars and circles represent controls, orange bars and squares represent SOS males, purple bars and squares represent SOS females. Each dot or square represents 1 animal (n = 7–8 per group). ** p < 0.01.