Table 1 Comparison of the photocatalytic activity by various TiO₂-based materials for fabric dye degradation.

1.

TiO₂/SiO₂ Monolith

300 W Xenon Lamp

20

80

6

30

Methylene Blue

⁴⁶

2.

TiO₂ Nanoparticles

300 W Xenon Lamp

25

96

10

60

Rhodamine B

⁴⁷

3.

TiO₂ Nanoparticles

300 W Xenon lamp

10

86

10

40

Methylene Blue

⁴⁸

4.

TiO₂ Nanoparticles

100 W Mercury Vapor Lamp

150

64

10

70

Methylene Blue

⁴⁹

5.

TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Natural Sunlight

10

62

10

50

Rhodamine B

⁵⁰

6.

(Fe)-doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles

150 W Philips CFL Bulb

50

93

10

180

Methylene Blue

⁵¹

7.

Titania Monolith

500 W Hg (Xe) globe

500

55

50

60

Methylene Blue

⁵²

8.

TiO₂ Nanoparticles

UV-A (20 W) Lamp

20

90

50

60

Methylene Blue

⁵³

9.

Ag-doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles

400 W UV Lamp

35

76

10

30

Reactive Blue-160

⁵⁴

10.

TiO₂

125 W Mercury Vapor lamp

0.05

85

50

240

Methylene Blue

⁵⁵

11.

TiO₂

UV lamp

2.5

94

6

190

Rhodamine B

⁵⁶

12.

TiO₂

40 W UV lamp

2

85

10

140

Direct Red 23

⁵⁷

13.

TiO₂

UV lamp

0.025

82

25

90

Eriochrome Black T

⁵⁸

14.

TiO₂

UV lamp

0.6

93

50

60

Violet-26

⁵⁹

15.

TiO₂

40 W blacklight blue fluorescent lamps

1.6

98

45

90

Reactive Red 120

⁶⁰

16.

TiO₂

Xenon 254-nm lamps

0.09

100

20

120

Reactive Orange 16

⁶¹

17.

TiO₂

Natural Sunlight

0.2

100

1.2 × 10^− 4 M

240

Reactive Yellow 17

⁶²

18.

TiO₂

40 W UV black fluorescent lamps

2

94

100

150

Direct Yellow 12

⁶³

19.

TiO₂

125 W Mercury Vapor lamp

0.3

95

100

180

Reactive Red 198

⁶⁴

20.

TiO₂

45 W UV lamp

2

91

30

300

Reactive Black 5

⁶⁵

21.

TiO₂

16 W UV lamp

0.5

96.6

1000

45

Remazol Brown

⁶⁶

22.

TiO₂

15 W Mercury Vapor lamp

1.75

88

0.2 × 10^− 4 M

60

Bismarck Brown R

⁶⁷

10.

Undoped Mesoporous TiO₂Monolith

150 W Tungsten Lamp

50

98.7

20

15

Reactive Brown-10

Present Work