Table 1 Characteristics of study population according to the diagnosis of diabetes.

From: Waist-to-calf circumference ratio as a potential indicator of diabetes risk: results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+

Characteristics

Total sample

(n = 8900)

Diabetes

(n = 843)

No diabetes

(n = 8,057)

p

Age (years)

57.1 ± 14.8

65.8 ± 13.1

56.2 ± 14.7

< 0.001

 < 65 years

6024 (68)

356 (42)

5668 (68)

 

 ≥ 65 years

2876 (32)

487 (58)

2389 (32)

 

Sex

< 0.001

 Men

4018 (45)

465 (55)

3553 (44)

 

 Women

4882 (55)

378 (45)

4504 (56)

 

Active smoking

1765 (20)

169 (20)

1596 (20)

0.44

Healthy diet

5505 (62)

547 (65)

4958 (61)

0.02

Physically active

5216 (59)

405 (47)

4811 (60)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.8 ± 4.0

26.7 ± 4.8

24.6 ± 3.9

< 0.001

Blood cholesterol (mg/dL)

194.9 ± 36.2

187.6 ± 37.1

195.7 ± 36.0

< 0.001

Blood glucose (mg/dL)

105.4 ± 23.7

150.4 ± 40.7

100.7 ± 14.8

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

124.9 ± 16.2

129.9 ± 16.6

124.3 ± 16.1

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.1 ± 9.9

76.9 ± 9.8

75.9 ± 9.9

0.01

Waist circumference (cm)

88.3 ± 13.5

96.6 ± 14.5

87.5 ± 13.1

< 0.001

Calf circumference (cm)

35.9 ± 3.5

36.1 ± 3.9

35.9 ± 3.4

0.07

Waist-to-calf circumference ratio

2.5 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 0.3

2.4 ± 0.3

< 0.001

  1. Data are reported as absolute value (percentage) for age group, sex, smoking status, healthy diet, and physical activity. All other variables are shown, means ± standard deviation. Healthy diet: consumption of at least three portions (≥ 400 g) of fruit and/or vegetables per day. Physically active: physical exercise at least twice a week. BMI body mass index. Measured values are reported for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood glucose.
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