Table 1 General characteristics of study participants across quartiles of Dietary insulin load.
From: Higher dietary insulin index is directly associated with the odd of kidney stones
Variables | Quartiles of DIL | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
Age (years) | 47.78(9.48) | 45.50(8.53) | 44.49(8.17) | 44.35(8.02) | < 0.001 | |
Gender | Male | 225(25.3%) | 449(38.4%) | 701(52.8%) | 1030(73.0%) | < 0.001 |
Female | 863(74.7%) | 721(61.6%) | 626(47.2%) | 381(27.0%) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.09(5.03) | 27.60(4.70) | 27.80(7.45) | 27.58(10.53) | 0.397 | |
Physical activity (Met/min/week) | 938.17(912.17) | 918.71(910.81) | 893.51(916.16) | 880.29 (850.12) | < 0.001 | |
Insulin load | 54.58(6.43) | 57.47(5.44) | 59.68(5.03) | 63.00(4.85) | < 0.001 | |
Insulin index | 48.36(9.73) | 74.65(7.25) | 105.57(10.89) | 173.47(43.08) | < 0.001 | |
Education | Lower than high school | 167(18.8%) | 137 (11.7%) | 81(6.1%) | 82(5.8%) | < 0.001 |
High school | 446(50.2%) | 567(48.5%) | 617(46.5%) | 707(50.2%) | ||
Diploma and associated diploma | 164(18.5%) | 280(23.9%) | 336(25.3%) | 343(24.4%) | ||
Bachelors | 93(10.5%) | 163(13.9%) | 258(19.4%) | 243(17.3%) | ||
Masters and higher | 18(2.0%) | 23(2.0)% | 35(2.6%) | 33(2.3%) | ||
Smoking status | Never smoker | 773(90.6%) | 965(85.2%) | 1015(78.5%) | 912(66.6%) | < 0.001 |
Current smoker | 52(6.1%) | 115(10.2%) | 199(15.4%) | 321(23.4%) | ||
Ex‑smoker | 28(3.3%) | 53(4.7%) | 80(6.2%) | 137(10.0%) | ||
Marriage status | Single | 4(0.5%) | 8 (0.7%) | 5(0.4%) | 7(0.5%) | < 0.001 |
Married | 842(94.8%) | 1130(96.6%) | 1296(97.7%) | 1387(98.3%) | ||
Widowed or divorced | 42(4.7%) | 32(2.7%) | 29(2.0%) | 17(1.2%) | ||
Biochemical parameters | ||||||
FBG (mg/dl) | 97.40(24.81) | 96.03(32.20) | 94.56(19.67) | 95.10(19.05) | 0.043 | |
TG (mg/dl) | 144.68(78.79) | 150.37(92.51) | 159.73(97.54) | 171.07(113.80) | < 0.001 | |
TC (mg/dl) | 195.19(67.98) | 189.24(36.70) | 189.95(38.16 | 192.28(40.44) | 0.015 | |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 110.84 (64.00) | 105.09(29.86) | 106.63(30.55) | 109.37 (30.41) | 0.003 | |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 56.26(12.80) | 54.70(12.32) | 52.34(11.98) | 50.31(10.94) | < 0.001 | |
AST (U/L) | 17.93(7.38) | 19.16(10.40) | 19.25(8.03) | 20.58(8.65) | < 0.001 | |
ALT (U/L) | 19.44(16.33) | 22.03(17.63) | 23.09(16.83) | 26.19(18.39) | < 0.001 | |
