Table 2 Comparison of clinical outcomes within and between groups before and after the intervention.

From: Effectiveness of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction vs. conventional high-intensity resistance training in older people diagnosed with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial

 

CRT group

(N = 11)

P

LRT-BFR group

(N = 10)

P

Mean change (95% CI)

Between-group differences

Pre

(M ± SD)

Post

(M ± SD)

Pre

(M ± SD)

Post

(M ± SD)

∆ (CRT group)

∆ (LRT-BFR group)

P

ES

Body composition

BM (kg)

60.87 ± 15.00

57.35 ± 13.32

 < 0.001***

53.31 ± 6.49

51.03 ± 6.14

0.007**

-3.52 (-5.30, -1.74)

-2.28 (-3.74, -0.81)

0.696

0.009

BMI (kg/m2)

23.90 ± 5.99

22.54 ± 5.43

 < 0.001***

20.17 ± 1.73

19.32 ± 1.81

0.007**

-1.36 (-2.01, -0.72)

-0.84 (-1.39, -0.29)

0.679

0.010

BFP (%)

31.18 ± 8.75

27.03 ± 8.46

0.003**

23.44 ± 4.30

21.12 ± 5.77

0.009**

-4.15 (-5.58, -2.72)

-2.33 (0.78, -4.09)

0.058

0.195

Muscle mass

          

ASMI (kg/m2)

6.33 ± 0.84

6.63 ± 0.97

0.021*

6.16 ± 0.73

6.28 ± 0.81

0.169

0.30 (0.00, 0.59)

0.13 (-0.10, 0.36)

0.349

0.049

Muscle strength

KES (kg)

42.02 ± 8.41

46.41 ± 5.37

0.012*

47.30 ± 6.17

51.48 ± 5.28

0.030*

4.39 (1.19, 7.59)

4.18 (0.51, 7.85)

0.203

0.089

HGS (kg)

21.92 ± 5.45

24.22 ± 8.19

0.722

28.61 ± 6.89

27.47 ± 4.66

0.610

2.30 (-2.08, 6.68)

-1.14 (-5.99, 3.71)

0.942

0.000

Muscle performance

SPPB (score)

9.55 ± 1.21

11.64 ± 0.67

0.004**

11.20 ± 0.92

11.80 ± 0.42

0.059

2.09 (1.39, 2.79)

0.60 (-0.09, 1.29)

0.341

0.566

6-MW test (m/s)

0.66 ± 0.10

0.90 ± 0.12

 < 0.001***

0.87 ± 0.10

1.05 ± 0.16

0.005*

0.24 (0.16, 0.31)

0.18 (0.07, 0.30)

0.779

0.005

Quality of life

SF-36

          

PF

65.91 ± 23.65

77.27 ± 21.61

0.005**

79.00 ± 20.79

94.00 ± 9.66

0.016*

11.36 (4.30—18.42)

15.00 (3.56—26.44)

0.085

0.008

RP

56.82 ± 37.23

72.73 ± 34.38

0.020*

70.00 ± 38.73

72.50 ± 32.17

0.564

15.91 (4.59—27.23)

2.50 (-7.65—12.65)

0.102

0.142

BP

100.00 ± 0.00

100.00 ± 0.00

 

100.00 ± 0.00

100.00 ± 0.00

 

0

0

 

0

General health

50.45 ± 28.41

67.73 ± 19.28

0.033*

64.50 ± 24.99

76.00 ± 14.10

0.043*

17.27 (1.71—32.84)

11.50 (0.44—22.56)

0.702

0.008

Vitality

73.18 ± 20.65

81.36 ± 14.51

0.018*

80.00 ± 14.91

90.00 ± 10.27

0.039*

8.18 (1.76—14.60)

10.00 (0.61—19.39)

0.190

0.093

SF

82.83 ± 26.93

81.36 ± 14.51

0.084

81.11 ± 25.69

83.34 ± 13.09

1.00

12.12 (-4.39—28.63)

2.22 (-13.14—17.58)

0.010*

0.319

MH

70.55 ± 11.63

79.55 ± 11.57

0.046*

72.40 ± 19.27

89.60 ± 8.26

0.014*

9.00 (0.184—17.82)

17.20 (4.33—30.07)

0.038*

0.219

RE

72.73 ± 29.13

78.79 ± 34.23

0.441

70.00 ± 39.91

93.33 ± 14.05

0.089

6.06 (-10.75—22.87)

23.33 (-4.32—50.98)

0.158

0.108

  1. CRT, conventional high-intensity resistance training; LRT-BFR, low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction; Pre, pre-invention; Post, post-intervention; ES: effect size; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; BFP, body fat percentage; KES, knee extensor strength; HGS, handgrip strength; SPPB, short physical performance battery; 6-MW test, 6-m walk test; SF-36, Short Form 36 Health Survey; PF, physical function; RP, role-physical; BP, body pain; SF, social function; MH, mental health; RE, role-emotional.
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