Table 1 Adverse childhood experiences questions included in the 2020 and 2021 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

From: The mediating role of frequent mental distress in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and cognitive disability in emerging adults

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Survey question(s)#

Operational Definition

Household Mental Illness

1.Did you live with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill, or suicidal?

No vs. Yes

Household Alcoholism

2.Did you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic?

No vs. Yes

Household Drug Abuse

3.Did you live with anyone who used illegal street drugs or who abused prescription medications?

No vs. Yes

Incarceration History in Home

4.Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in a prison, jail, or other correctional facility?

No vs. Yes

Parental Separation/Divorce

5.Were your parents separated or divorced?

No vs. Yes

Parental Intimate Partner Violence

6.How often did your parents or adults in your home ever slap, hit, kick, punch or beat each other up? Was it…

Never vs. At least once

Physical Abuse

7.Not including spanking, (before age 18), how often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? Was it…

Never vs. At least once

Emotional Abuse

8.How often did a parent or adult in your home ever swear at you, insult you, or put you down? Was it…

Never vs. At least once

Sexual Abuse

9.How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? Was it…

Never vs. At least once

10.How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? Was it…

Never vs. At least once

11.How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? Was it…

Never vs. At least once

  1. # All questions refer to the time before respondent aged 18 years old and were prefaces with the phrase ‘Now, looking back before you were 18 years of age…’.