Fig. 1

Extracorporeal circulation reduced mean arterial pressure and renal blood flow in all three groups (Panel A–C), and there was a cessation in urine output. Heart rate remains more or less unchanged (Panel B). Values are represented as Mean ± SD.*p < 0.05 vs T0, + p < 0.05 vs. T1, $p < 0.05 vs T2, #p < 0.05 vs. other group’s same time points.