Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants who were still alive vs. those who were deceased by December 31, 2015. Abbreviations: PIR, ratio of family income to poverty; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count.
From: U-shaped association between HbA1c and all-cause mortality in CVD patients with diabetes
Variable | Still alive, N = 654 | Deceased, N = 191 | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 68.18 (10.81) | 70.50 (9.78) | 0.008 |
Male [n (%)] | 373 (57.03%) | 111 (58.12%) | 0.790 |
Race [n (%)] | 0.414 | ||
Mexican American | 121 (18.50%) | 45 (23.56%) | |
Other Hispanic | 22 (3.36%) | 8 (4.19%) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 325 (49.69%) | 87 (45.55%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 157 (24.01%) | 46 (24.08%) | |
Other, Including Multi-Racial | 29 (4.43%) | 5 (2.62%) | |
Smoker[n (%)] | 389 (59.48%) | 104 (54.45%) | 0.215 |
Drinker[n (%)] | 372 (61.59%) | 98 (54.75%) | 0.101 |
Education [n (%)] | 0.021 | ||
Level 1 | 147 (22.48%) | 63 (32.98%) | |
Level 2 | 154 (23.55%) | 50 (26.18%) | |
Level 3 | 145 (22.17%) | 30 (15.71%) | |
Level 4 | 133 (20.34%) | 34 (17.80%) | |
Level 5 | 72 (11.01%) | 14 (7.33%) | |
Missing | 3 (0.46%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Marital status [n (%)] | < 0.001 | ||
Married | 356 (54.43%) | 87 (45.55%) | |
Widowed | 140 (21.41%) | 54 (28.27%) | |
Divorced | 78 (11.93%) | 22 (11.52%) | |
Separated | 16 (2.45%) | 8 (4.19%) | |
Never married | 38 (5.81%) | 5 (2.62%) | |
Living with partner | 19 (2.91%) | 5 (2.62%) | |
Missing | 7 (1.07%) | 10 (5.24%) | |
PIR [n (%)] | < 0.001 | ||
0−0.99 | 143 (21.87%) | 46 (24.08%) | |
1.00−2.99 | 311 (47.55%) | 83 (43.46%) | |
>= 3.00 | 159 (24.31%) | 30 (15.71%) | |
Missing | 41 (6.27%) | 32 (16.75%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32.64 (7.86) | 30.23 (5.89) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 109.99 (15.47) | 106.02 (13.64) | 0.003 |
WBC (×109/L) | 7.54 (2.04) | 7.84 (2.48) | 0.091 |
RBC (×1012/L) | 4.55 (0.57) | 4.56 (0.57) | 0.811 |
Hemoglobin concentration (mg/dL) | 13.78 (1.65) | 13.80 (1.63) | 0.880 |
Platelet count (×109/L) | 243.33 (74.93) | 242.41 (67.78) | 0.879 |
Total protein (g/L) | 72.09 (5.34) | 73.69 (5.72) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 40.78 (3.53) | 41.17 (3.77) | 0.189 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 21.00 (16.00–28.00) | 19.50 (15.00–25.00) | 0.004 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 23.00 (19.00–27.00) | 21.00 (18.00–25.00) | < 0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 78.66 (30.67) | 90.21 (40.18) | < 0.001 |
Gamma glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 25.00 (18.00–44.00) | 27.00 (19.00−42.25) | 0.359 |
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 11.97 (10.26–15.39) | 10.26 (6.80−13.68) | < 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 6.07 (4.64–7.85) | 6.43 (5.36–8.90) | 0.006 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 88.40 (70.72−111.38) | 88.40 (70.70−114.91) | 0.654 |
Uric acid (µmol/L) | 362.92 (107.56) | 366.19 (98.38) | 0.711 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.33 (5.94–9.27) | 7.16 (5.66–10.99) | 0.999 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.85 (1.20–2.66) | 1.93 (1.34–2.99) | 0.042 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.83 (1.27) | 5.24 (1.31) | < 0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 143.67 (37.50) | 159.02 (37.04) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 82.73 (24.72) | 79.93 (29.66) | 0.190 |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.19 (1.52) | 7.34 (1.81) | 0.271 |
Glycated hemoglobin group | 0.011 | ||
Quartile 1 | 137 (20.95%) | 54 (28.27%) | |
Quartile 2 | 187 (28.59%) | 39 (20.42%) | |
Quartile 3 | 162 (24.77%) | 37 (19.37%) | |
Quartile 4 | 168 (25.69%) | 61 (31.94%) | |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 545 (83.33%) | 161 (84.29%) | 0.753 |
Emphysema [n (%)] | 54 (8.26%) | 8 (4.19%) | 0.041 |
Hepatopathy [n (%)] | 43 (6.57%) | 12 (6.28%) | 0.885 |
Cancer [n (%)] | 130 (19.88%) | 29 (15.18%) | 0.144 |
High cholesterol level [n (%)] | 391 (64.42%) | 100 (58.48%) | 0.155 |
