Table 4 Association of within-individual change in heart rate variability measures with change in chair rise time.

Heart rate variability measures	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Heart rate variability measures	Estimate (95% CI)^a	P	Estimate (95% CI)^a	P	Estimate (95% CI)^a	P	Estimate (95% CI)^a	P
Δ SDNN	0.12 (− 0.06 to 0.30)	0.20	0.14 (− 0.04 to 0.32)	0.136	0.11 (− 0.07 to 0.29)	0.225	0.13 (− 0.05 to 0.31)	0.16
Δ SDNN × Time					Not included
Δ SDNN × Time²							Not included
Δ LF	0.09 (− 0.08 to 0.26)	0.306	0.11 (− 0.06 to 0.28)	0.209	0.09 (− 0.08 to 0.27)	0.283	0.11 (− 0.07 to 0.28)	0.233
Δ LF × Time					Not included
Δ LF × Time²							Not included
Δ HF	0.23 (0.06 to 0.39)	0.008	0.23 (0.06 to 0.40)	0.007	0.22 (0.06 to 0.39)	0.009	0.23 (0.06 to 0.39)	0.008
Δ HF × Time					Not included
Δ HF × Time²							Not included
Δ LF/HF ratio	− 0.18 (− 0.34 to − 0.02)	0.028	− 0.16 (− 0.32 to 0.00)	0.052	− 0.17 (− 0.33 to − 0.01)	0.039	− 0.16 (− 0.32 to 0.00)	0.046
Δ LF/HF ratio × Time					Not included
Δ LF/HF ratio × Time²							Not included
Δ TP	0.11 (− 0.07 to 0.29)	0.234	0.14 (− 0.04 to 0.32)	0.133	0.12 (− 0.06 to 0.30)	0.187	0.13 (− 0.05 to 0.31)	0.148
Δ TP × Time					Not included
Δ TP × Time²							Not included

The association between the within-individual change in heart rate variability measure (natural log-transformed and standardized) and the chair rise time was modeled using linear mixed regression. Model 1 included time, time², the term for the baseline heart rate variability measure, and the term for the within-individual change in heart rate variability measure. Model 2 is adjusted for covariates (age, sex, education, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung disease, cancer, arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and Parkinson’s disease), and resting heart rate). Model 3 is adjusted for Model 2 variables and for the interactions of within-individual change in heart rate variability measure and baseline covariates with time. Model 4 is adjusted for Model 2 variables and for the interactions of within-individual change in heart rate variability measure and baseline covariates with time². Time indicates years (t) since the baseline (t₀) examination.
^aChange in chair rise time or the rate of change in chair rise time per 1 standard deviation (within-individual) increase in the heart rate variability measure.

Search