Fig. 5

Plot of the moment versus the L5-S1 rotation for a typical specimen. The range of motion was analysed at the stage where the maximum target moment of 2.5 Nm was reached (grey horizontal line). The strains were measured at the stage where the motion of the L2-S1 spine segment of the intact and laminectomy condition (grey circles) was the same as the fixation reached the 2.5 Nm (grey dashed vertical line).