Table 1 Pre-operative baseline clinical characteristics.
Demographic | Group A (Pre-Op) (n = 577) | Group B (Intra-Op) (n = 475) | Group C (Post-Op) (n = 62) | Total (n = 1114) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at operation, mean ± SD* | 62.1 ± 9.7 | 61.0 ± 9.1 | 57.3 ± 11.8 | 61.4 ± 10.2 | < .001S |
Gender – Male (%) | 467(80.9) | 415(87.4) | 47(75.8) | 929 (83.4) | 0.005 |
Body mass index (BMI)* | 24.8 ± 3.9 | 24.7 ± 4.3 | 26.0 ± 5.3 | 24.8 ± 4.4 | 0.054 |
Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5) | 127 (22.0) | 111 (23.4) | 20 (32.3) | 258 (23.2) | 0.190 |
Race | 0.231 | ||||
Chinese (%) | 376 (65.2) | 315 (66.3) | 35 (56.5) | 726 (65.2) | |
Malay (%) | 128 (21.2) | 96 (20.2) | 14 (22.6) | 238 (21.4) | |
Indian (%) | 56 (9.7) | 39 (8.2) | 9 (14.5) | 104 (9.3) | |
Others (%) | 17 (2.9) | 25 (5.3) | 4 (6.5) | 46 (4.1) | |
Admission | < .001S | ||||
Elective (%) | 57 (9.9) | 250 (52.6) | 37 (59.7) | 344 (30.9) | |
Emergency (%) | 473 (82.0) | 207 (43.6) | 23 (37.1) | 703 (63.1) | |
Urgent (%) | 47 (8.1) | 18 (3.8) | 2 (3.2) | 67 (6.0) | |
Admission status | < .001S | ||||
Stable (%) | 366 (63.4) | 427 (89.9) | 52 (83.9) | 845 (75.9) | |
Unstable (%) | 211 (36.6) | 48 (10.1) | 10 (16.1) | 269 (24.1) | |
Smoking – Current (%) | 167 (28.9) | 137 (28.8) | 14 (22.6) | 318 (28.5) | 0.564 |
Family history of coronary artery disease – Yes (%) | 37 (6.4) | 35 (7.4) | 2 (3.2) | 74 (6.6) | 0.445 |
Diabetes mellitus – Yes (%) | 278 (48.2) | 238 (50.1) | 31 (50.0) | 547 (49.1) | 0.816 |
Hyperlipidemia – Yes (%) | 456 (79.0) | 399 (84.0) | 54 (87.1) | 909 (81.6) | 0.061 |
Highest serum cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)# | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.3 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.3) | 5.3 (2.1) | 0.941 |
Renal disease at time of surgery – Yes (%) | 58 (10.1) | 39 (8.2) | 11 (17.7) | 108 (9.7) | 0.053 |
Last creatinine level mmol/L, median (IQR)# | 89 (49) | 88 (37) | 87.5 (73) | 88.1 (53) | 0.835 |
Highest creatinine level, mmol/L, median (IQR)# | 102 (64) | 101.5 (53) | 99 (89) | 100.8 (69) | 0.985 |
Hypertension (SBP > 160mmHg) – Yes (%) | 170 (70.4) | 106 (77.5) | 13 (79.0) | 289 (73.9) | 0.021S |
Chronic lung disease – Severe (%) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (1.1) | 1 (1.6) | 8 (0.7) | 0.473 |
Pulmonary hypertension (PASP ≥ 38 mmHG) (%) | 142 (24.6) | 139 (29.3) | 26 (41.9) | 307 (27.6) | 0.008S |
PASP (mmHg), mean ± SD* | 37.3 ± 15.2 | 38.9 ± 15.0 | 42.15 ± 16.3 | 38.3 ± 15.2 | 0.081 |
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) – Yes (%) | 41 (7.1) | 35 (7.4) | 9 (14.5) | 85 (7.6) | 0.108 |
Extracardiac arteriopathy – Yes (%) | 67 (11.6) | 57 (12.0) | 10 (16.1) | 134 (12.0) | 0.583 |
Poor mobility – Yes (%) | 28 (4.9) | 19 (4.0) | 2 (3.2) | 49 (4.4) | 0.717 |
Neurological dysfunction – Yes (%) | 7 (1.2) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (1.6) | 11 (1.0) | 0.559 |
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) – Yes (%) | 64 (11.1) | 46 (9.7) | 4 (6.5) | 114 (10.2) | 0.453 |
Carotid disease – Yes (%) | 45 (7.8) | 41 (8.6) | 3 (4.8) | 89 (8.0) | 0.568 |
