Table 3 Peri-operative clinical characteristics, operative outcomes, and postoperative complications.

From: A multivariate and retrospective analysis of the impact of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in Open-Heart surgery

Variables

Group A

(Pre-Op) (n = 577)

Group B

(Intra-Op) (n = 475)

Group C

(Post-Op) (n = 62)

Total

(n = 1114)

p-value

ASA class ≥ 3 (%)

559 (98.1)

462 (98.5)

60 (98.4)

1081 (98.3)

0.864

Redo operation (%)

4 (0.7)

15 (3.2)

2 (3.2)

21 (1.9)

0.010S

Length of procedure (min), mean ± SD#

298.5 ± 98.6

326.5 ± 112.5

320.0 ± 115.8

311.6 ± 106.5

0.007S

Cumulative bypass time (min), mean ± SD#

152.8 ± 66.5

166.6 ± 90.1

172.9 ± 88.4

159.7 ± 78.8

0.099

Cumulative cross clamp time (min), mean ± SD#

87.0 ± 39.7

87.0 ± 52.1

99.2 ± 54.6

87.7 ± 46.2

0.109

Operative complications – Yes (%)

76 (13.2)

63 (13.3)

23 (37.1)

162 (14.5)

< .001S

Transit time flowmetry – Yes (%)

141 (12.66)

111 (9.96)

1 (0.09)

253 (22.71)

0.015S

Hospital stay#

    

0.086

Pre-op stay in days, mean ± SD

4.1 ± 4.6

3.9 ± 5.1

3.1 ± 4.1

4.0 ± 4.8

Post-op stay in days, mean ± SD

15.0 ± 17.2

15.0 ± 23.7

19.8 ± 20.0

15.2 ± 20.4

Total stay in days, mean ± SD

19.0 ± 18.2

18.8 ± 25.1

22.8 ± 21.9

19.1 ± 21.6

Prolonged postop length of stay – Yes (%)

386 (67.2)

318 (67.2)

44 (71)

748 (67.4)

0.831

Prolonged ventilation (%)

139 (24.1)

98 (20.6)

28 (45.2)

265 (23.8)

< 0.001

Postop acute kidney injury – Yes (%)

13 (2.3)

12 (2.5)

3 (4.8)

28 (2.5)

0.466

Postop hepatic dysfunction – Yes (%)

3 (0.5)

3 (0.6)

0 (0.00)

6 (0.5)

0.812

Reoperation for bleeding/tamponade (%)

36 (6.2)

31 (6.5)

17 (27.4)

84 (7.5)

< .001S

Postoperative unplanned reoperation/intervention (%)

76 (13.2)

63 (13.3)

23 (37.1)

162 (14.5)

< .001S

Status at 30 days – Dead (%)

66 (11.4)

39 (8.2)

16 (25.8)

121 (10.9)

< .001S

Operative mortality – Yes (%)

66 (11.4)

39 (8.2)

16 (25.8)

121 (10.9)

< .001S

Cardiac (%)

36 (6.2)

12 (2.5)

5 (8.1)

53 (4.8)

Non-cardiac (%)

20 (3.4)

22 (4.6)

9 (14.5)

51 (4.6)

Other (%)

10 (1.7)

5 (1.1)

2 (3.2)

17 (1.5)

  1. ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification; CABG = Coronary artery bypass graft; SD = Standard deviation; S = Significant; *=ANOVA;#= Kruskal-Wallis Test.
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