Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties for structural materials.
From: Stability analysis of existing tunnels under dynamic loads during excavation of new tunnels
Materials | Densities (g/cm3) | Poisson’s ratio | Bulk modulus (MPa) | Modulus of elasticity (MPa) | Shear modulus (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary support | 2.45 | 0.167 | 10,700 | 25,000 | 16,200 |
Secondary lining | 2.5 | 0.167 | 12,860 | 30,000 | 16,200 |
Segment | 2.5 | 0.2 | 15,300 | 27,600 | 11,500 |
Grout equivalent circle zone | 2.3 | 0.25 | 450 | 1200 | 800 |
