Table 3 Algorithm performance comparison.
Fun | Metric | AOA | IAOA | GWO | PSO | WOA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | mean | 2.1358E-26 | 6.1397E-31 | 1.2327E-02 | 4.0222E + 00 | 7.2064E-12 |
std | 3.6992E-26 | 1.0536E-30 | 6.3953E-03 | 1.9826E + 00 | 1.0547E-11 | |
F2 | mean | 2.8949E-16 | 3.7175E-17 | 1.7496E-02 | 9.1641E + 00 | 1.8271E-08 |
std | 3.9320E-16 | 5.1639E-17 | 1.4192E-03 | 1.7183E-01 | 1.9721E-08 | |
F3 | mean | 9.8205E-24 | 6.5068E-32 | 3.5188E + 02 | 8.6560E + 02 | 7.8766E + 04 |
std | 1.3888E-23 | 9.1148E-32 | 1.6785E + 02 | 8.9442E + 01 | 2.1716E + 03 | |
F4 | mean | 1.4002E-16 | 1.6860E-18 | 1.2019E + 00 | 5.1169E + 00 | 6.3832E + 01 |
std | 1.9622E-16 | 1.6636E-18 | 5.2538E-02 | 1.9468E + 00 | 1.0905E + 01 | |
F5 | mean | 1.8426E-01 | 1.8260E-02 | 3.0000E + 01 | 1.5800E + 03 | 2.8766E + 01 |
std | 4.1825E-02 | 7.0675E-03 | 3.4804E-01 | 2.8242E + 02 | 2.9840E-02 | |
F6 | mean | 2.8677E-03 | 1.6431E-04 | 2.4393E + 00 | 7.2263E + 00 | 1.8831E + 00 |
std | 2.3632E-04 | 1.2661E-04 | 1.3397E + 00 | 1.8831E + 00 | 2.1588E-01 | |
F7 | mean | 8.0655E-04 | 8.8142E-05 | 3.2970E-02 | 7.5480E + 00 | 1.8657E-02 |
std | 4.5616E-04 | 1.9203E-05 | 1.2335E-02 | 3.0715E + 00 | 5.2969E-03 | |
F8 | mean | −3.5249E + 03 | −3.7282E + 03 | −4.0552E + 03 | −2.8864E + 03 | −7.5734E + 03 |
std | 1.0365E + 02 | 7.7337E + 01 | 1.7045E + 03 | 2.6475E + 02 | 1.3451E + 03 | |
F9 | mean | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 3.6812E + 01 | 2.0944E + 02 | 3.0411E-12 |
std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.1423E + 01 | 1.7348E + 01 | 3.8185E-12 | |
F10 | mean | 1.4557E-12 | 4.4409E-15 | 2.4330E-02 | 3.0610E + 00 | 3.8480E-07 |
std | 2.0575E-12 | 5.0243E-15 | 1.3435E-03 | 7.0831E-01 | 3.9975E-07 | |
F11 | mean | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 1.0007E-01 | 1.9732E + 01 | 4.8755E-12 |
std | 0.0000E + 00 | 0.0000E + 00 | 3.5171E-02 | 7.0276E + 00 | 6.6498E-12 | |
F12 | mean | 1.7285E-04 | 2.2557E-07 | 6.9775E-01 | 1.3736E + 00 | 1.5048E-01 |
std | 2.4104E-04 | 1.4064E-07 | 2.4924E-01 | 1.6342E + 00 | 2.5074E-02 | |
F13 | mean | 1.0419E-04 | 5.0362E-05 | 1.5306E + 00 | 1.7448E + 00 | 8.3289E-01 |
std | 9.9322E-05 | 3.0694E-05 | 2.5244E-02 | 8.8600E-01 | 1.7266E-01 | |
F14 | mean | 1.4950E + 00 | 9.9815E-01 | 6.8727E + 00 | 1.5116E + 00 | 7.3658E + 00 |
std | 7.0286E-01 | 2.0506E-04 | 5.5021E + 00 | 6.7946E-01 | 4.8047E + 00 | |
F15 | mean | 1.0063E-03 | 5.5518E-04 | 6.9381E-04 | 8.8895E-04 | 1.4809E-03 |
std | 1.9476E-04 | 9.5771E-05 | 3.9457E-05 | 2.7881E-04 | 1.0904E-03 |
