Table 3 Meaning and range of limiting values.

From: Applied research using the NIOSH lifting equation to optimize the design of shopping trolley for the elderly

Limiting quantity

Meaning in the NIOSH lifting equation

Significance of mapping

Range of values

LC

Load constant

23 kg

H

The horizontal distance from the center of the palms to midway between the ankle joints

1/2 the length of the basket + the horizontal distance between the two ankle joints from the basket

300–540 mm

V

The vertical distance from the v hands to the floor

Optimal hand position height

200–1000 mm

D

The vertical distance from the start and end of the lift

Shopping trolley basket height

400–900 mm

FM

Frequency parameter of the lift

Number of times object was grasped

8 times per hour

A

Angle of deviation from the sagittal plane

Body rotation angle

0

CM

Parameters for easy object grasping

The difficulty of grasping items

1