Fig. 3

Study consort. 3DE: three-dimensional echocardiography, LV: left ventricle, STAAB: prospective Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression. The follow-up status of STAAB participants examined at baseline refers to the end of observation for each participant, defined by the dates of follow-up, declaration of non-participation in follow-up by the participant, death, or August 19th, 2021 (the last follow-up was performed on this date), whatever occurred first. Those who did not respond were alive by August 19th, 2021 as confirmed by the residents’ registration office.