Table 4 Reference percentiles of 3D echocardiography-derived twist and torsion.

From: 3D echocardiography derived reference values and determinants of left ventricular twist and torsion from the population-based STAAB cohort study

 

Torsion (°/cm)

Twist (°)

B h170 (Sig.)

− 0.011 (p = 0.021)

Ns

B a50 (Sig.)

+ 0.007 (p = 0.042)

Ns

B Men

ns

Ns

Constant term

+ 1.464

+ 11.130

Percentiles

 2.5

− 1.20

− 9.23

 10

− 0.81

− 6.53

 25

− 0.48

− 3.74

 50

− 0.09

− 0.41

 75

+ 0.42

+ 3.40

 90

+ 0.93

+ 7.18

 97.5

+ 1.60

+ 11.89

  1. There was no interaction between sex and height or sex and age for twist or torsion.
  2. a50: covariate that sets the zero point of the constant term to age 50, B: regression coefficient, h170: covariate that sets the zero point of the constant term to body height 170 cm, ns: not significant.
  3. Exemplary calculation of the median torsion (i.e., 50th percentile) for a person with body height 172 cm, aged 64 years:
  4. 1.464°/cm + 2*(− 0.011°/cm) + 14*(0.007°/cm) +  ( − 0.09°/cm) = 1.45°/cm.
  5. [Constant term + (deviation in cm from height 170 cm)*B h170 + (deviation in years from age 50 years)*B a50 + deviation in 50th percentile].
  6. Exemplary calculation of the median twist of the same person:
  7. 11.13° + (− 0.41°) = 10.72°
  8. [Constant term + deviation in 50th percentile].
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