Fig. 6
Mechanism of action of benzethonium chloride against NSCLC. (A) Transcriptome GSEA of benzethonium chloride-treated H1975 NSCLC cells. (B) Enrichment of major signaling pathways associated with downregulated genes. (C) Enrichment of tumor-associated signaling pathways in benzethonium chloride-treated NSCLC H1975 cells. (D) Differential expression of genes involved in cell cycle signaling pathways (upregulated genes in red, downregulated genes in green). The pathway maps utilized information from the KEGG Pathway Database12. (E) Heatmap of differential gene expression related to cell cycle signaling pathways. (F) Expression levels of p-P53, P53, TP53INP1 and CDKN1 after treatment of H1975 cells with different concentrations of benzethonium chloride (0, 2, 5, or 8 μM) for 24 h. GAPDH was used as an internal reference. (G) mRNA levels of CDK2, CCNE2, P53, TP53INP1, and CDKN1A in H1975 cells treated with 10 μM benzethonium chloride and 10 μM gefitinib. The data were normalized to GAPDH to obtain the relative values. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with DMSO).
