Table 5 Compared the main functional properties of the composites in previous and current studies.
Composite’s components | Primary findings | References |
|---|---|---|
Pomegranate peel extract was added to chitosan-based edible films at varying doses (0.2–1.0 g/mL) | The films’ tensile strength (32.45–35.23 MPa), thickness (0.142–0.159 mm), phenolic content (5.75–32.41 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (23.13–76.54%) increased as the volume percentage of pomegranate peel extract increased | |
Pomegranate peel extract was added to chitosan films in the presence of glycerol and choline chloride, employed as the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, respectively | The increase in pomegranate peel extract percentage rise in the films’ tensile strength (1.83–2.91 MPa) | |
Jojoba oil addition on hydrogel edible films based on whey protein isolate | The elongation significantly improved when the jojoba oil content was raised (from 48.4 to 101.1%, for the highest percentage) | |
Innovative natural composite films using shellac, gelatin, and/or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) | The films are flexible, without aggregation, and have good antibacterial and tensile strength, homogeneity, transparency, and elongation properties. More CMC improved the breaking length of composite films and the elongation at break. CMC/shellac films exhibit significantly reduced tensile strength and increased air permeability and have greater flexibility than pure CMC film | |
carboxymethyl cellulose/shellac (CMC/SH), and loaded with pomegranate extract (POE) with or without jojoba oil (JOE) at various concentrations | An enhancement was recorded for tensile strength and elongation at break and burst properties of the composites, where the results point out the amelioration of flexibility and elasticity. Air permeability was increased up to 37.5, 500, and 500%; Burst strength was increased up to 281, 180, and 109%; Tensile strength was increased up to 2, 12, and 13%; The elongation at break was increased up to -ve, 40, and 25%; Young’s Modulus was increased up to -ve, 66, and 23%; Stiffness was increased up to 29, 73, and 320%; The stress properties was increased up to 1.30, 12.99, and 14.28% for POE, JOE, and CMC/shellac, respectively | The present study |
