Table 2 Threshold effect analysis of sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices on DKD using the two-Piecewise linear regression model.

From: Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and type 2 diabetic microvascular complications in euthyroid patients

Incident DR

Crude (OR, 95%Cl, P)

Adjusted (OR, 95%Cl, P)

Exposure TSHI

Fitting model by standard linear regression

0.883 (0.694, 1.122) 0.307

0.95 (0.734, 1.229) 0.695

Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression

 Inflection point of thyroid hormone Index

3.306

2.768

 < Inflection point

0.697 (0.498, 0.975) 0.035

0.53 (0.288, 0.977) 0.042

 > Inflection point

3.061 (0.721, 13.003) 0.13

1.725 (0.946, 3.148) 0.075

Log likelihood ratio

0.054

0.025

Exposure TT4RI

Fitting model by standard linear regression

1 (0.991, 1.009) 0.99

1.002 (0.993, 1.011) 0.679

Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression

Inflection point of thyroid hormone Index

16.185

16.146

< Inflection point

0.878 (0.769, 1.003) 0.056

0.863 (0.751, 0.992) 0.039

> Inflection point

1.006 (0.996, 1.017) 0.221

1.009 (0.998, 1.02) 0.094

Log likelihood ratio

0.016

0.007

Exposure TFQI3

Fitting model by standard linear regression

0.549 (0.394, 0.763) < 0.01

0.565 (0.39, 0.816) < 0.01

Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression

 Inflection point of thyroid hormone Index

-

-

 < Inflection point

-

-

 > Inflection point

-

-

Log likelihood ratio

-

-

Exposure TFQI4

Fitting model by standard linear regression

0.885 (0.626, 1.251) 0.489

1.045 (0.721, 1.518) 0.815

Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression

 Inflection point of thyroid hormone Index

0.275

-0.01

 < Inflection point

0.597 (0.346, 1.033) 0.065

0.528 (0.213, 1.312) 0.169

 > Inflection point

2.926 (0.588, 14.566) 0.19

1.983 (0.848, 4.64) 0.114

Log likelihood ratio

0.095

0.115

Exposure PTFQI

Fitting model by standard linear regression

0.898 (0.493, 1.638) 0.726

0.906 (0.474, 1.735) 0.766

Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression

 Inflection point of thyroid hormone Index

0.289

0.284

 < Inflection point

0.017 (0, 1.127) 0.057

0.007 (0, 0.724) 0.036

 > Inflection point

1.87 (0.76, 4.6) 0.173

2.141 (0.833, 5.502) 0.114

Log likelihood ratio

0.027

0.01

  1. Notes: Crude model was not adjusted, adjusted model was adjusted for: Age, BMI, LDL, TG, diabetes duration, and HbA1c. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
  2. Abbreviations: OR Odds ratios; Cl Confidence; DKD: diabetic kidney disease, BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; TSHI, TSH Index; TT4RI, thyroid feedback quartile index 4; TFQI, Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI3 was calculated using FT3 and TFQI4 was calculated using FT4). P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
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