Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Clustering- and statistic-based approach for detection and impact evaluation of faults in end-user substations of thermal energy systems

Fig. 3

Exemplary measurement architecture of a substation on the user level in the model region in flow diagram. The heat supply can cover both domestic hot water and space heating or the latter only and is measured as the combined demand on the primary side of the heat exchanger with two Temperature Indicators and Recorders (TIR) and a device for the volume flow measurement (FIR).

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