Table 1 Selected national-level and individual-level indicators of the sociocultural context in each country.

From: Sociodemographic variation in dispositional forgivingness: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries

Country

National-level indicator

Individual-level indicator

Percentage of population in extreme povertya (rank)

History of conflict index

2013-2022b (rank)

Number of protests per 100,000 population

2018-2022c (rank)

Global collectivism indexd (rank)

Percentage without enough money for food in last 12 monthse (rank)

Percentage assaulted in last 12 monthsf (rank)

Percentage angry the previous dayg (rank)

Percentage with self-orientation priorityh (rank)

Argentina

1% (12)

1.3 (6)

24.4 (19)

-0.4 (12)

36.7% (12)

9.6% (19)

14.3% (5)

30.6% (15)

Australia

0.5% (7)

1.1 (1)

5.8 (9)

-1.2 (18)

13.1% (9)

2.5% (6)

12.1% (3)

26.7% (8)

Brazil

5.8% (16)

1.4 (7)

9.5 (13)

-0.1 (10)

32.9% (11)

7.2% (15)

21.3% (16)

22.4% (6)

Egypt

1.5% (13)

2.3 (17)

0.3 (2)

0.8 (1)

40.9% (14)

8.1% (16)

30.4% (20)

21.3% (5)

Germany

0% (1)

1.1 (1)

16 (16)

-1.4 (21)

8.2% (4)

4.6% (11)

15.4% (7)

40% (20)

Hong Kong (S.A.R. of China)

0.1%# (3)

1.8# (12)

0.6# (3)

-0.8 (15)

10.1% (7)

1% (1)

14.8% (6)

37.6% (19)

India

11.9% (18)

2.4 (20)

5.2 (8)

0.3 (7)

45.4% (16)

8.6% (17)

31.6% (21)

17.8% (2)

Indonesia

2.5% (14)

1.5 (10)

2.9 (7)

0.7 (3)

43.1% (15)

2.7% (7)

19.4% (13)

14.2% (1)

Israel

0.5% (7)

2.2 (16)

40.9 (22)

-0.4 (12)

6.6% (2)

4.2% (10)

16% (8)

41.6% (21)

Japan

0.7% (10)

1.4 (7)

5.9 (10)

-1.2 (18)

8.1% (3)

1.2% (2)

14.1% (4)

20% (4)

Kenya

36.1% (21)

2.3 (17)

2.4 (6)

0.5 (6)

72.5% (21)

24.9% (22)

24% (18)

18.8% (3)

Mexico

3.1% (15)

2.1 (15)

21.4 (18)

0.1 (8)

39.7% (13)

8.6% (17)

11% (1)

31.8% (17)

Nigeria

30.9% (20)

2.8 (22)

1.7 (5)

0.7 (3)

74.5% (22)

18.5% (21)

23.6% (17)

29% (14)

Philippines

6.8% (17)

2.3 (17)

1.2 (4)

0.7 (3)

70.8% (20)

3.9% (8)

28.5% (19)

26.7% (8)

Poland

0% (1)

1.4 (7)

12.7 (14)

-0.5 (14)

9.4% (6)

2.2% (4)

20.6% (15)

27.2% (11)

South Africa

20.5% (19)

1.8 (12)

8.1 (11)

-0.1 (10)

57.1% (19)

17.5% (20)

17.4% (10)

28% (12)

Spain

0.9% (11)

1.2 (4)

24.5 (20)

-0.9 (16)

12.7% (8)

5.6% (14)

19.8% (14)

45.5% (22)

Sweden

0.4% (5)

1.2 (4)

35 (21)

-1.4 (21)

5% (1)

1.7% (3)

11.5% (2)

32.5% (18)

Tanzania

44.9% (22)

1.6 (11)

0.1 (1)

0.8 (1)

52% (18)

4.9% (12)

17.7% (11)

31.1% (16)

Türkiye

0.4% (5)

2.7 (21)

17 (17)

0 (9)

48.7% (17)

5.5% (13)

44.3% (22)

23.8% (7)

United Kingdom

0.5% (7)

1.1 (1)

8.3 (12)

-1.1 (17)

9.2% (5)

3.9% (8)

16.9% (9)

26.8% (10)

United States

0.2% (4)

1.9 (14)

14.2 (15)

-1.2 (18)

20.6% (10)

2.2% (4)

18.3% (12)

28.7% (13)

  1. Note. S.A.R. = Special Administrative Region. aMost recent estimate of the percentage of the population living below the $2.15 per day poverty line31. bAverage of Ongoing Domestic and International Conflict domain scores for 10 years starting in 2013, with a higher value indicating greater conflict32. cAverage number of protests for 5 years starting in 201833 divided by the average population for the same 5-year period, with a higher value indicating a greater number of protests per 100,00034. dA continuous index of the extent to which a country is collectivistic in cultural orientation35, with a greater positive value indicating a more collectivistic cultural orientation (highest positive value globally is 1.92 for Somalia) and a greater negative value indicating a more individualistic orientation (highest negative value globally is -1.85 for Monaco); a value closer to zero indicates a more balanced individualistic-collectivistic cultural orientation. ePercentage across the 2020–2022 Gallup World Polls who reported that there were times in the last 12 months when they did not have enough money for food that they or their family needed36. fPercentage across the 2020–2022 Gallup World Polls who endorsed being assaulted in the last 12 months36. gPercentage across the 2020–2022 Gallup World Polls who endorsed experiencing anger the previous day, with a higher percentage indicating a greater number of people endorsed this item36. hPercentage who endorsed the self-orientation response category for an item about purpose in life that was included in the 2020 Gallup World Poll and is thought to tap into individualism vs. collectivism37: “Which of the following is closest to your main purpose in life?”: “being good at what you do” (self-orientation), “caring for family and close friends” (kin-orientation), or “helping other people” (other-orientation). Ranks for each indicator were produced after rounding to one decimal. #Estimates are for China because data were not available for Hong Kong.
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