Fig. 4

t-SNE clusterings for (a) the HC group (\(S_{\text {HC},\sim }\)) and (b) the AD group (\(S_{\text {AD},\sim }\)) under similarity-based comparison, and for (c) the HC group (\(S_{\text {HC},\not \sim }\)) and (d) the AD group (\(S_{\text {AD},\not \sim }\)) under dissimilarity-based comparison.