Fig. 4
From: Vertical land motion is underestimated in sea-level projections from the Oka estuary, northern Spain
Estimated vertical land motion (VLM) rates from instrumental records and VLM rate used in IPCC AR6 projections. (A) The Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) vertical positions at SOPU station produced by the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory30 and the derived linear rate and its associated uncertainty (1σ) of − 0.85 ± 0.14 mm/yr. (B) The calculated VLM from differencing satellite altimetric sea-level anomalies and tide gauge records at Bilbao tide gauge station, and the derived VLM rate and its associated uncertainty (1σ) of − 0.80 ± 0.32 mm/yr. For more details see the text. (C) Comparison of the VLM rates of − 0.88 ± 0.03 mm/yr derived from late Holocene RSL data (red solid line with pink envelope, Fig. 3 inset), GNSS data, differenced altimetry-tide gauge data and VLM rate used in IPCC AR6. The blue bars with black lines indicate the derived VLM rates with 1σ uncertainties. The grey-dashed line indicates the 0 value line.
