Fig. 4
Facial shape and deformations. (A) While basicranial flexion of the Octagon cranium (upper orange arrow) is well in the range of modern humans (turquois arrows), the inclination of the palate to the foramen magnum (lower orange arrow) exceeds the values of the comparative sample (blue arrows). The cut cranium shown is the one from our sample closest to the mean. (B) First and third principal components of the cranial shape analysis. 23 classic landmarks on crania were used. PC1 explains 18.1% of total variation, and PC3 11.8%. The extremes of related shapes are indicated for each axis. Red – East Africa, pink – South Africa, orange – Egypt, purple – Australia, brown – South America, green – East Asia, blue – Europe, black – Octagon Cranium (sample in Supplementary Information Table S3).
