Table 1 Demographic factors of participants included in the final analysis.

From: Prevalence of metal implants among US adults aged 40 years and older

Demographic factor

NHANES 2015–2016

NHANES 2017–March 2020

P value b

 

(N = 3,736)a

(N = 6,387)a

 

Age (years), meanc

58.47 (57.56, 59.37)

59.05 (58.34, 59.77)

0.326

Sex, %c

  

0.934

 Men

47.20 (45.52, 48.90)

47.30 (45.69, 48.91)

 

 Women

52.80 (51.10, 54.48)

52.70 (51.09, 54.31)

 

Race/ethnicity, %c

  

0.873

 White

68.68 (60.27, 76.02)

66.76 (61.71, 71.45)

 

 Black

10.56 (6.97, 15.70)

10.66 (8.11, 13.88)

 

 Mexican American

6.92 (3.98, 11.77)

6.48 (4.92, 8.49)

 

 Other

13.84 (10.22, 18.48)

16.10 (13.51, 19.08)

 

History of arthritis, %

  

0.768

 Yes

38.20 (35.84, 40.56)

39.18 (36.30, 42.05)

 

 No

61.58 (59.24, 63.93)

60.61 (57.73, 63.48)

 

 Unknownd

0.22 (0.03, 0.41)

0.22 (0.14, 0.30)

 

History of congestive heart failure, %

  

0.969

 Yes

3.77 (3.15, 4.39)

3.87 (3.06, 4.67)

 

 No

95.95 (95.27, 96.64)

95.88 (95.06, 96.71)

 

 Unknownd

0.28 (− 0.02, 0.57)

0.25 (0.10, 0.40)

 

History of coronary heart disease, %

  

0.267

 Yes

5.34 (4.34, 6.35)

6.31 (4.69, 7.93)

 

 No

94.24 (93.18, 95.30)

93.47 (91.83, 95.11)

 

 Unknownd

0.42 (0.13, 0.70)

0.22 (0.11, 0.33)

 

History of angina/angina pectoris, %

  

0.468

 Yes

2.99 (2.35, 3.63)

3.28 (2.62, 3.94)

 

 No

96.81 (96.15, 97.48)

96.41 (95.71, 97.11)

 

 Unknownd

0.20 (0.06, 0.33)

0.31 (0.22, 0.41)

 

History of heart attack, %

  

0.586

 Yes

5.07 (4.21, 5.93)

5.56 (4.37, 6.76)

 

 No

94.84 (93.99, 95.68)

94.28 (93.08, 95.49)

 

 Unknownd

0.09 (0.00, 0.18)

0.15 (0.02, 0.29)

 

History of stroke, %

  

0.018

 Yes

4.02 (3.47, 4.57)

5.58 (4.82, 6.34)

 

 No

95.88 (95.26, 96.50)

94.30 (93.52, 95.07)

 

 Unknownd

0.10 (− 0.04, 0.25)

0.13(0.05, 0.20)

 

History of cancer, %

  

0.221

 Yes

16.20 (15.12, 17.28)

16.60 (15.20, 17.99)

 

 No

83.69 (82.56, 84.83)

83.38 (82.00, 84.77)

 

 Unknownd

0.11 (− 0.07, 0.29)

0.02 (0.00, 0.04)

 
  1. aUnweighted sample size.
  2. bP value determined by survey-weighted linear regression (for continuous variables) or survey-weighted Chi-square test (for categorical variables).
  3. cWeighted mean or percentage.
  4. dParticipants who (i) refused to answer the question, (ii) answered “don’t know.” to the question, or (iii) with missing data.
  5. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
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