Fig. 6

Accuracy comparison between before and post induction chemotherapy CT images and accuracy comparison among repeated CT images during adaptive radiotherapy in external testing cohort D. In C, D, G, and H, each patient experienced three repeated CT scans during adaptive radiotherapy, such as at the completion of 0, 15–20, and 25–30 fractions, which was tagged as CTRA, CTRB, and CTRC, respectively. IC = induction chemotherapy, PPV = positive predictive value, DSC = Dice similarity coefficient, HD95 = 95% Hausdorff distance. In A to D, data were denoted as median with interquartile range. And p values were obtained by Mann–Whitney test (A and B), and Kruskal–Wallis test (C and D), due to the data did not conform to the normal distribution. In E to H, data were denoted as mean with standard deviation. And p values were obtained by t-test (E and F) and ordinary one-way ANOVA test (G and H).