Table 1 Demographic characteristics of individuals of low and LMIC countries.
Characteristics | Sub-Sahara Africa | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angola | Benin | Burundi | Cameroon | Comoros | Cote d’Ivoire | Ethiopia | Kenya | Madagascar | Malawi | Mali | Mauritania | Mozambique | Nigeria | Sierra Leone | Tanzania | Togo | Uganda | Zambia | Zimbabwe | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Husband’s age group | ||||||||||||||||||||
15–29 | 1632 (32.08) | 715 (18.93) | 1586 (25.47) | 601 (15.19) | 288 (15.93) | 533 (13.13) | 728 (18.21) | 1884 (18.98) | 1377 (31) | 1385 (31) | 361 (12.59) | 134 (7.62) | 1351 (29.16) | 816 (10.22) | 476 (13.56) | 1381 (21.99) | 727 (15.89) | 1652 (27.94) | 1445 (24.95) | 958 (20.58) |
30–44 | 2427 (47.72) | 2049 (54.22) | 3270 (52.51) | 2202 (55.72) | 984 (54.52) | 2245 (55.27) | 2158 (53.96) | 5625 (56.67) | 2125 (48) | 2244 (51) | 1482 (51.77) | 910 (51.47) | 2236 (48.26) | 4423 (55.41) | 1709 (48.64) | 3294 (52.51) | 2491 (54.45) | 2982 (50.45) | 3155 (54.52) | 2664 (57.26) |
45–59 | 941 (18.51) | 875 (23.15) | 1163 (18.65) | 902 (22.81) | 393 (21.79) | 1025 (25.24) | 844 (21.12) | 2143 (21.59) | 825 (19) | 646 (16) | 768 (26.83) | 599 (33.87) | 915 (19.75) | 2185 (27.37) | 1035 (29.46) | 1391 (22.17) | 1146 (25.06) | 1109 (18.76) | 1099 (18.99) | 898 (19.31) |
60 and above | 85 (1.69) | 139 (3.70) | 209 (3.37) | 248 (6.28) | 140 (7.76) | 258 (6.36) | 270 (6.71) | 274 (2.76) | 102 (2) | 253 (8.80) | 125 (7.04) | 131 (2.83) | 559 (7.00) | 293 (8.34) | 209 (3.33) | 210 (4.60) | 168 (2.85) | 89 (1.54) | 132 (2.85) | |
Residence | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rural area | 1890 (37.18) | 2288 (60.56) | 5722 (91.88) | 2034 (51.45) | 1258 (69.69) | 2454 (60.41) | 3456 (86.40) | 6152 (61.98) | 3709 (84) | 3695 (85) | 2342 (81.80) | 1000 (56.56) | 3385 (73.06) | 4294 (53.79) | 2339 (66.58) | 4402 (70.15) | 2806 (61.34) | 4623 (78.20) | 3513 (60.70) | 3092 (66.47) |
Urban area | 3195 (62.82) | 1490 (39.44) | 506 (8.12) | 1919 (48.55) | 547 (30.31) | 1608 (39.59) | 544 (13.60) | 3774 (38.02) | 720 (16) | 674 (15) | 522 (18.20) | 768 (43.44) | 1248 (26.94) | 3689 (46.21) | 1174 (33.42) | 1873 (29.85) | 1768 (38.66) | 1288 (21.80) | 2275 (39.30) | 1560 (33.53) |
Wealth index | ||||||||||||||||||||
Middle | 1023 (20.12) | 784 (20.75) | 1305 (20.95) | 740 (18.72) | 366 (20.28) | 781 (19.22) | 836 (20.91) | 1864 (18.78) | 963 (22) | 892 (20) | 622 (21.70) | 329 (18.61) | 1056 (22.80) | 1580 (19.79) | 702 (19.97) | 1242 (19.80) | 963 (21.05) | 1174 (19.86) | 1108 (19.14) | 812 (17.44) |
Poor | 2010 (39.52) | 1413 (37.40) | 2809 (45.11) | 1685 (42.63) | 778 (43.12) | 1846 (45.43) | 1680 (42.02) | 3545 (35.72) | 1729 (39) | 1816 (42) | 1215 (42.42) | 770 (43.58) | 2017 (43.53) | 2925 (36.64) | 1666 (47.42) | 2456 (39.15) | 1705 (37.29) | 2457 (41.55) | 2414 (41.71) | 1852 (39.81) |
Rich | 2052 (40.36) | 1581 (41.86) | 2114 (33.93) | 1528 (38.65) | 661 (36.60) | 1435 (35.34) | 1484 (37.06) | 4517 (45.50) | 1737 (39) | 1661 (38) | 1027 (35.88) | 669 (37.81) | 1560 (33.67) | 3478 (43.57) | 1145 (32.61) | 2576 (41.05) | 1906 (41.66) | 2280 (38.59) | 2266 (39.15) | 1988 (42.75) |
Husband’s Education | ||||||||||||||||||||
No education | 622 (12.23) | 1899 (59.25) | 2519 (40.42) | 864 (21.85) | 707 (39.15) | 2192 (53.95) | 1933 (48.34) | 618 (6.23) | 835 (19) | 431 (10) | 2177 (76.00) | 1078 (60.96) | 1061 (22.89) | 2316 (29.01) | 1938 (55.16) | 766 (12.21) | 1059 (23.15) | 406 (6.87) | 342 (5.91) | 70 (1.52) |
Primary | 1585 (31.17) | 911 (24.13) | 3069 (49.28) | 1268 (32.09) | 400 (22.19) | 926 (22.80) | 1486 (37.16) | 3878 (39.06) | 2042 (46) | 2432 (56) | 265 (9.27) | 334 (18.91) | 2685 (57.97) | 1144 (14.33) | 294 (8.37) | 4403 (70.17) | 1404 (30.69) | 3234 (54.71) | 2173 (37.55) | 1017 (21.85) |
Secondary | 2486 (48.89) | 756 (20.02) | 551 (8.85) | 1446 (36.58) | 467 (25.88) | 759 (18.69) | 351 (8.79) | 3331 (33.56) | 1404 (32) | 1312 (30) | 309 (10.82) | 277 (15.68) | 819 (17.68) | 3169 (39.70) | 965 (27.46) | 939 (14.97) | 1811 (39.59) | 1583 (26.79) | 2806 (48.48) | 3116 (66.98) |
Higher | 392 (7.71) | 212 (5.60) | 89 (1.44) | 375 (9.48) | 231 (12.78) | 185 (4.56) | 230 (5.72) | 2099 (21.15) | 148 (3) | 194 (4) | 113 (3.91) | 79 (4.45) | 68 (1.46) | 1354 (16.96) | 316 (9.01) | 167 (2.65) | 300 (6.57) | 688 (11.63) | 467 (8.06) | 449 (9.65) |
Husband’s Work Status | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not Working | 494 (9.70) | 58 (1.56) | 270 (4.33) | 72 (1.82) | 74 (4.10) | 66 (1.61) | 307 (7.67) | 796 (8.02) | 70 (2) | 367 (8) | 240 (8.38) | 356 (20.14) | 184 (3.98) | 237 (2.97) | 220 (6.27) | 64 (1.02) | 78 (1.70) | 190 (3.22) | 593 (10.23) | 720 (15.47) |
Working | 4591 (90.30) | 3720 (98.44) | 5958 (95.67) | 3881 (98.18) | 1731 (95.90) | 3996 (98.39) | 3694 (92.33) | 9130 (91.98) | 4359 (98) | 4002 (92) | 2624 (91.62) | 1412 (79.86) | 4449 (96.02) | 7746 (97.03) | 3293 (93.73) | 6211 (98.98) | 4496 (98.30) | 5721 (96.78) | 5195 (89.77) | 3932 (84.53) |
Spouse education gap | ||||||||||||||||||||
Both are uneducated | 510 (10.04) | 1648 (3874) | 1722 (27.66) | 691 (17.46) | 474 (26.23) | 1839 (45.27) | 1676 (41.89) | 453 (4.57) | 473 (11) | 201 (5) | 1857 (64.83) | 646 (36.55) | 803 (17.32) | 2008 (25.15) | 1553 (44.22) | 373 (5.93) | 807 (17.63) | 217 (3.67) | 139 (2.40) | 13 (0.28) |
Spouse higher educated than respondent | 3398 (66.82) | 1464 (38.74) | 2432 (39.06) | 1822 (46.09) | 776 (42.97) | 1520 (37.42) | 554 (13.87) | 4003 (40.33) | 1844 (42) | 2586 (59) | 493 (17.21) | 433 (24.48) | 2688 (58.02) | 2999 (37.57) | 1245 (35.43) | 2133 (34.00) | 2817 (61.59) | 3330 (56.33) | 3495 (60.39) | 2243 (48.21) |
Spouse lower educated than respondent | 674 (13.26) | 527 (13.95) | 1467 (23.56) | 790 (20.00) | 460 (25.53) | 566 (13.93) | 197 (4.82) | 2352 (23.69) | 1511 (34) | 1028 (24) | 413 (14.45) | 605 (34.22) | 739 (15.96) | 1064 (13.33) | 548 (15.61) | 1217 (19.39) | 679 (14.85) | 1562 (26.43) | 1205 (20.81) | 988 (21.25) |
Both are highly educated | 503 (9.88) | 138 (3.67) | 607 (9.73) | 650 (16.45) | 95 (5.27) | 137 (3.38) | 193 (4.82) | 3118 (31.41) | 602 (14) | 554 (12) | 101 (3.51) | 84 (4.75) | 403 (8.70) | 1912 (23.95) | 167 (4.74) | 2552 (40.68) | 271 (5.93) | 802 (13.57) | 949 (16.40) | 1408 (30.26) |
Characteristics | South and Southeast Asia | Latin America & Caribbean | N. Africa & West Asia | Oceania | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cambodia | Nepal | Pakistan | Philippines | Timor-Leste | Haiti | Honduras | Egypt | Jordan | Papua New Guinea | |||||||||||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||||||||
Husband’s Age Group | ||||||||||||||||||||
15–29 | 925 (18.45) | 831 (21.51) | 582 (18.93) | 1875 (16.79) | 635 (18.25) | 639 (17.86) | 2820 (29.18) | 966 (16.00) | 616 (10.60) | 649 (20.30) | ||||||||||
30–44 | 3218 (64.20) | 2196 (56.84) | 1597 (52.00) | 6482 (58.03) | 1880 (54.08) | 1946 (54.38) | 4850 (50.18) | 3195 (52.78) | 3074 (52.90) | 1837 (57.46) | ||||||||||
45–59 | 825 (16.46) | 799 (20.69) | 830 (27.02) | 2683 (24.02) | 865 (24.88) | 860 (24.05) | 1769 (18.31) | 1740 (28.75) | 1994 (34.32) | 671 (20.98) | ||||||||||
60 and above | 45 (0.89) | 37 (0.96) | 63 (2.05) | 130 (1.16) | 97 (2.78) | 132 (3.71) | 227 (2.33) | 153 (2.47) | 126 (2.17) | 41 (1.26) | ||||||||||
Residence | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rural area | 3131 (62.46) | 1306 (33.79) | 1139 (37.08) | 5222 (46.75) | 2829 (75.60) | 2221 (62.11) | 5138 (53.16) | 3940 (65.09) | 594 (10.22) | 2899 (90.65) | ||||||||||
Urban area | 1882 (37.54) | 2557 (66.21) | 1139 (37.08) | 5948 (53.25) | 848 (24.40) | 1356 (37.89) | 4528 (46.84) | 2114 (34.91) | 5216 (89.78) | 299 (9.35) | ||||||||||
Wealth index | ||||||||||||||||||||
Middle | 975 (19.45) | 788 (20.39) | 602 (19.60) | 2309 (20.67) | 746 (21.46) | 2009 (20.78) | 1426 (23.55) | 1229 (21.15) | 678 (21.21) | |||||||||||
Poor | 1906 (38.03) | 1559 (40.35) | 1219 (39.70) | 4833 (43.27) | 1455 (41.85) | 692 (19.34) | 3876 (40.11) | 2167 (35.79) | 2341 (40.30) | 1315 (41.11) | ||||||||||
Rich | 2132 (42.52) | 1516 (39.26) | 1251 (40.70) | 4028 (36.06) | 1276 (36.69) | 1474 (41.20) | 3781 (39.11) | 2461 (40.66) | 2240 (38.55) | 1205 (37.68) | ||||||||||
Husband’s Education | 1411 (39.47) | |||||||||||||||||||
No education | 470 (9.38) | 549 (14.22) | 938 (30.55) | 126 (1.13) | 976 (28.06) | 638 (17.84) | 613 (6.34) | 901 (14.88) | 118 (2.04) | 654 (20.46) | ||||||||||
Primary | 2026 (40.42) | 1620 (41.93) | 510 (16.61) | 1327 (11.88) | 744 (21.38) | 1186 (33.15) | 6257 (64.73) | 870 (14.37) | 547 (9.42) | 1470 (45.96) | ||||||||||
Secondary | 2157 (43.03) | 1424 (36.86) | 993 (32.31) | 5888 (52.71) | 1370 (39.42) | 1463 (40.89) | 2245 (23.23) | 3271 (54.03) | 3343 (57.53) | 841 (26.29) | ||||||||||
Higher | 360 (7.17) | 270 (6.99) | 631 (20.53) | 3829 (34.28) | 387 (11.14) | 290 (8.12) | 551 (5.70) | 1012 (16.72) | 1802 (31.010) | 233 (7.29) | ||||||||||
Husband’s Work Status | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not working | 142 (2.83) | 79 (2.04) | 111 (3.62) | 521 (4.66) | 795 (22.85) | 182 (5.09) | 15 (0.15) | 172 (2.85) | 1046 (18.00) | 1609 (50.30) | ||||||||||
Working | 4871 (97.17) | 3784 (97.96) | 2961 (96.38) | 10,649 (95.34) | 2682 (77.15) | 3395 (94.91) | 9651 (99.85) | 5882 (97.15) | 4765 (82.00) | 1589 (49.70) | ||||||||||
Spouse education gap | ||||||||||||||||||||
Both are uneducated | 234 (4.66) | 440 (11.39) | 778 (25.32) | 48 (0.43) | 635 (18.25) | 372 (10.39) | 222 (2.29) | 606 (10.01) | 45 (0.77) | 412 (12.90) | ||||||||||
Spouse higher educated than respondent | 2507 (50.02) | 2039 (52.78) | 1419 (46.18) | 3973 (35.57) | 1277 (36.73) | 1864 (52.11) | 3124 (32.32) | 2524 (41.69) | 1773 (30.51) | 1502 (46.96) | ||||||||||
Spouse lower educated than respondent | 1507 (30.06) | 847 (21.93) | 522 (17.00) | 3767 (33.72) | 934 (26.88) | 931 (12.01) | 4065 (42.06) | 1461 (24.13) | 1680 (28.95) | 791 (24.73) | ||||||||||
Both are highly educated | 765 (15.26) | 537 (13.90) | 353 (11.50) | 3382 (30.28) | 631 (18.13) | 430 (12.01) | 2255 (23.33) | 1463 (24.17) | 1682 (28.95) | 493 (15.41) | ||||||||||
