Fig. 1

Differential glomerular proteome profiles between DKD and normal controls. (a) Volcano plot of FCs and P values for 5834 proteins identified in the dissected glomeruli of 40 DKD patients, compared with 10 normal controls. A total of 1246 proteins exhibited a significantly differentially expressed abundance (475 upregulated proteins in red, 771 downregulated proteins in blue). (b) Heatmap representing the hierarchical clustering analyses of the proteins significantly differentially expressed in the DKD glomeruli. (c) Networks of the protein-protein interactions of DEPs in DKD glomeruli mapped using STRING. The 23 hub proteins are illustrated as nodes with differential colors, whose intensity depends on the significance of the interactions. (d) Top 10 GO terms of in the upregulated BPs, CCs, and MFs of DEPs between DKD patients and normal controls. (e) Scatterplot for the top 10 upregulated pathways in KEGG enrichment of DEPs between DKD patients and normal controls. DKD, diabetic kidney disease; NC, normal controls; FC, fold change; DEPs, differentially expressed proteins; STRING, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes; GO, Gene ontology; BP, biological processes; CC, cellular component; MF, molecular function; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.