Table 3 Adjusted analysis of post-intervention outcomes with mixed effects logistic regression*.

From: A cluster randomized trial comparing photoaging app and school based educational intervention for tobacco use prevention in adolescents

Outcome

School-based module

(n = 85)

Photoaging app

(n = 93)

Adjusted

OR^ (95% CI)

P-value

ICC

(95% CI)

Perception of harm

 

 Perceive tobacco use

as harmful

81.2%

89.1%

2.05 (1.31, 3.20)

0.002

0.04 (0.01, 0.08)

 Perceive secondhand smoke

as harmful

61.2%

75.3%

1.92 (1.15, 3.21)

0.014

0.03 (0.00, 0.07)

Susceptibility to tobacco use

 

 Moderate-to-high susceptibility

22.9%

19.6%

0.86 (0.58, 1.27)

0.432

0.05 (0.02, 0.09)

Attitudes toward tobacco use

 

 In favor of smoking

ban (Enclosed spaces)

89.4%

84.9%

1.17 (0.69, 2.14)

0.065

0.02 (0.00, 0.05)

 In favor of smoking

ban (Outdoor spaces)

88.2%

81.7%

1.28 (0.77, 2.33)

0.083

0.03 (0.01, 0.06)

Practices related tobacco

 Not currently smoking

92.4%

86.0%

0.76 (0.34, 1.68)

0.491

0.02 (0.00, 0.06)

  1. *Model included random intercepts for schools and fixed effects for intervention group, baseline measurements, and relevant covariates (model fit statistics: AIC 312.45 and log likelihood − 151.22). ^Adjusted covariates: age, weekly expenditure, baseline susceptibility. CI- confidence interval; ICC- intraclass correlation coefficient; OR- odds ratio.