Fig. 3
Differential abundance of the most abundant ASVs associated with COPD and livestock farming. Association between the absolute abundance of the 29 most abundant ASVs (> 1% relative abundance in at least 5% of the samples) and (A) COPD status (VGO cases vs. controls), (B) more than 2 farms within 500 m of residence, (C) high NH3 exposure, and (D) population (VGO controls vs. Pienter3 controls) as determined by ANCOM-BC2 - A and MaAsLin2 - M. The plot shows all the ASVs with at least one significant comparison. The colour corresponds to the direction of the association (pink for positive, blue for negative). Models were adjusted for season, age, smoking, gender, education, atopy and antibiotics use. q ≤ 0.25; *, q ≤ 0.1; **, q ≤ 0.05; ***. q-values were calculated using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to correct for multiple testing.
