Table 3 Weighted odds ratios of prevalence, awareness, treatment, control among dyslipidemia, and control among treatment in each socioeconomic factor based on data obtained from the KNHANES.

From: National trends in dyslipidemia prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in South Korea from 2005 to 2022

Times

Prevalence

Awareness

Treatment

Control among prevalence

Control among treatment

Weighted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Weighted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Weighted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Weighted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Weighted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Sex

 Female

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Male

1.59 (1.54 to 1.65)

< 0.001

0.51 (0.48 to 0.54)

< 0.001

0.51 (0.48 to 0.54)

< 0.001

0.40 (0.38 to 0.43)

< 0.001

0.48 (0.43 to 0.54)

< 0.001

Age, years

 30–39

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 40–49

1.46 (1.38 to 1.54)

< 0.001

2.62 (2.29 to 2.99)

< 0.001

3.69 (2.98 to 4.56)

< 0.001

2.78 (2.27 to 3.41)

< 0.001

1.68 (1.09 to 2.59)

0.018

 50–59

2.39 (2.27 to 2.52)

< 0.001

5.84 (5.15 to 6.63)

< 0.001

9.53 (7.80 to 11.64)

< 0.001

6.23 (5.16 to 7.52)

< 0.001

1.90 (1.27 to 2.85)

0.002

 60–69

3.25 (3.07 to 3.44)

< 0.001

10.00 (8.80 to 11.36)

< 0.001

18.62 (15.28 to 22.68)

< 0.001

11.92 (9.89 to 14.37)

< 0.001

2.40 (1.62 to 3.56)

< 0.001

 ≥ 70

2.96 (2.81 to 3.13)

< 0.001

8.35 (7.34 to 9.50)

< 0.001

18.36 (15.03 to 22.44)

< 0.001

11.11 (9.22 to 13.40)

< 0.001

2.62 (1.76 to 3.89)

< 0.001

Region of residence

 Urban

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Rural

1.13 (1.08 to 1.19)

< 0.001

0.87 (0.81 to 0.95)

0.001

0.89 (0.81 to 0.98)

0.018

0.85 (0.77 to 0.94)

0.002

0.85 (0.74 to 0.98)

0.026

BMI groupa

 Underweight

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Normal

1.92 (1.71 to 2.15)

< 0.001

1.37 (1.09 to 1.73)

0.007

1.41 (1.07 to 1.85)

0.015

1.08 (0.83 to 1.41)

0.551

0.90 (0.49 to 1.66)

0.746

 Overweight

3.55 (3.16 to 3.98)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.16 to 1.85)

0.001

1.53 (1.16 to 2.02)

0.003

0.99 (0.76 to 1.29)

0.951

0.63 (0.34 to 1.15)

0.133

 Obese

5.62 (5.01 to 6.30)

< 0.001

1.49 (1.18 to 1.88)

0.001

1.62 (1.23 to 2.14)

0.001

0.87 (0.67 to 1.14)

0.312

0.44 (0.24 to 0.81)

0.008

Educational background

 College or higher

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 High school

1.22 (1.17 to 1.27)

< 0.001

1.41 (1.32 to 1.51)

< 0.001

1.49 (1.37 to 1.62)

< 0.001

1.40 (1.28 to 1.52)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.86 to 1.18)

0.914

 Middle school

1.72 (1.63 to 1.82)

< 0.001

2.18 (2.01 to 2.37)

< 0.001

2.32 (2.12 to 2.55)

< 0.001

2.11 (1.91 to 2.33)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.86 to 1.22)

0.829

 Elementary school or lower

1.95 (1.87 to 2.04)

< 0.001

1.98 (1.84 to 2.13)

< 0.001

2.36 (2.16 to 2.57)

< 0.001

1.96 (1.79 to 2.14)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.82 to 1.11)

0.545

Household income

 Highest quartile

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Third quartile

0.99 (0.95 to 1.04)

0.646

1.00 (0.93 to 1.08)

0.931

1.04 (0.95 to 1.14)

0.384

1.01 (0.92 to 1.12)

0.770

1.07 (0.91 to 1.27)

0.393

 Second quartile

1.16 (1.11 to 1.22)

< 0.001

1.13 (1.05 to 1.21)

0.002

1.25 (1.14 to 1.36)

< 0.001

1.17 (1.07 to 1.29)

0.001

1.09 (0.93 to 1.27)

0.305

 Lowest quartile

1.60 (1.52 to 1.68)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.36 to 1.59)

< 0.001

1.69 (1.55 to 1.85)

< 0.001

1.45 (1.32 to 1.59)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.81 to 1.11)

0.494

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Smoker

1.46 (1.41 to 1.51)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.56 to 0.62)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.56 to 0.63)

< 0.001

0.47 (0.44 to 0.50)

< 0.001

0.48 (0.43 to 0.54)

< 0.001

Waist-to-height ratiob

 Normal

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Central adiposity

3.14 (3.03 to 3.25)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.50 to 1.68)

< 0.001

0.67 (0.61 to 0.72)

< 0.001

1.24 (1.16 to 1.33)

< 0.001

0.56 (0.49 to 0.65)

< 0.001

Daily calorie intakec

 Low

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 High

0.98 (0.95 to 1.02)

0.286

0.70 (0.67 to 0.74)

< 0.001

0.64 (0.60 to 0.68)

< 0.001

0.67 (0.63 to 0.72)

< 0.001

0.84 (0.74 to 0.94)

0.003

High-risk drinkingd

 No

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (ref)

 

 Yes

1.18 (1.12 to 1.25)

< 0.001

0.67 (0.61 to 0.72)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.53 to 0.65)

< 0.001

0.55 (0.50 to 0.62)

< 0.001

0.60 (0.50 to 0.73)

< 0.001

  1. BMI, body mass index; CI confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR, odds ratio.
  2. Numbers in bold indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).
  3. This table presents the weighted odds ratios for the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control among dyslipidemia, and control among treatment, relative to the reference group.
  4. aBMI was divided into four groups according to Asian-Pacific guidelines: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 25 kg/m2).
  5. bWaist-to-height ratio was calculated as waist circumference divided by height and categorized into two groups: normal (< 0.5) and central adiposity (≥ 0.5).
  6. cDaily calorie intake was categorized into two groups: low (below the median) and high (above the median).
  7. dHigh-risk drinking was defined as consuming ≥ 7 drinks per occasion for men or ≥ 5 for women at least twice per week, classified as ‘yes’ or ‘no’ accordingly.
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