Table 6 Performance comparison table.

From: Anomaly detection with grid sentinel framework for electric vehicle charging stations in a smart grid environment

Metric

AD-GS (Proposed)

ML-CA

MLM

ML-IDS

AI-AD

Autoencoder-Based

Bi-LSTM IDS

Anomaly Detection Accuracy (%)

97.32

85.76

70.12

65.87

55.51

90.5

94.5

False Positive Rate (FPR) (%)

1.8

5.2

6.1

4.5

3.9

5.6

3.6

Response Time Efficiency (%)

98.4

85.0

83.7

88.3

90.6

85.2

92.0

Scalability (No. of Charging Stations Supported)

500+

200

180

250

300

200–300

400

Latency (ms)

15

45

55

40

30

50

25

Data Protection Rate (%)

97.32

55.51

70.12

65.87

85.76

93.67

96.0

Computational Overhead

10.2

15.4

18.2

14.1

12.7

18.5

11.5