Table 1 Safety risk factors of deep foundation pit construction in metro station.

Personnel risk factors

(p)

Poor awareness of personnel security^11,40 (p1)

Falling accident at Memorial Hall Station of Guangzhou Metro

Insufficient professional skills^10,13,41 (p2)

Collapse accident at Chongwen Men Station of Beijing Metro

Poor safety emergency response ability¹³ (p3)

Collapse accident at Daxin Station of Shenzhen Metro

Inadequate personnel protection³⁰ (p4)

Falling accident at Songjiazhuang Station on Beijing Metro

Poor physical or mental health³⁰ (p5)

The other accident at Xiaomeisha Station of Shenzhen Metro

Violation of operating regulations^13,40 (p6)

Object strike accident at Jixiang’an Station of Nanjing Metro

Material risk factors

(w)

Inadequate equipment maintenance³⁰ (w1)

Mechanical injury accident at Yan’an 3rd Rd Station of Qingdao Metro

Equipment failure^13,41 (w2)

Lifting injury accident at Fuzimiao Station of Nanjing Metro

Unreasonable equipment selection¹³ (w3)

Lifting injury accident at Bid 3 of Guangzhou Metro

Unreasonable arrangement of mechanical work¹³ (w4)

Lifting injury accident at Fuzimiao Station of Nanjing Metro

Improper construction material storage³⁰ (w5)

Collapse accident of Heyu Road on Hangzhou Metro

Defective retaining structure^10,40,41 (w6)

Collapse accident at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Station of Hangzhou Metro

Insufficient strength and stability of internal support^10,39,41 (w7)

Collapse accident of the Nicoll Highway in Singapore metro

Substandard strength of anchor rod and pull rod^13,39 (w8)

Collapse accident at Bayi memorial Station of Nanchang Metro

Unqualified construction materials^30,41 (w9)

Collapse accident at Shengli Bridge Station of Qingdao Metro

Management risk factors

(m)

Inadequate safety education and training^30,41 (m1)

Collapse accident at Zhenxing Road Station of Hefei Metro

Incomplete rules and regulations^10,30 (m2)

Collapse accident at Dujiaping Station of Changsha Metro

Insufficient safety investment (m3)

Collapse accident at Jinshanqiao Sub-center Station of Xuzhou Metro

Inadequate safety supervision and hidden danger inspection^1,30,40 (m4)

Object strike Accident at Lingling Road Station of Shanghai Metro

Inadequate security disclosure (m5)

Collapse accident at Baimang Station of Shenzhen Metro

Illegal subcontracting (m6)

Collapse accident at Xianghu Station of Hangzhou Metro

Unreasonable safety construction organization design^13,30 (m7)

Collapse accident at Shuijing Station of Shenzhen Metro

Environmental risk factors

(e)

Poor engineering geological and hydrological conditions^5,10,40 (e1)

Collapse accident at Dashi Station of Guangzhou Metro

Harsh weather or natural disasters^40,41 (e2)

Collapse accident at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Station of Hangzhou Metro

Complicated underground pipeline laying^39,40 (e3)

Collapse accident at Shiliuzhuang Station of Beijing Metro

Closing to large high-rise buildings^10,39 (e4)

Collapse accident at Harbin East Railway Station of Harbin Metro

Complicated peripheral traffic³⁹ (e5)

Collapse accident at Haidian Huangzhuang Station of Beijing Metro

Harsh operating environment⁴¹ (e6)

Electric shock accident in phase II Project of Wuhan Metro

Technical risk factors

(t)

Unspecified or deviation of geological and hydrological survey^1,10,39 (t1)

Collapse accident at Chengzhan Station of Hangzhou Metro

Improper design scheme^5,10 (t2)

Collapse accident of the Nicoll Highway in Singapore metro

Not prepared special construction scheme¹⁰ (t3)

Collapse accident at Xidan Station of Beijing Metro

Over-excavation^40,41 (t4)

Collapse accident at Middle Yanji Road of Shanghai Metro

Improper construction method of retaining structure¹³ (t5)

Collapse accident at Dujiaping Station of Changsha Metro

Error in setting and demolishing supports^13,40 (t6)

Collapse accident at Daxin Station of Shenzhen Metro

Insufficient monitoring of foundation pit^1,10,39 (t7)

Collapse accident at Jiangxi Road Station of Qingdao Metro

Untimely dewatering and drainage^39,41 (t8)

Collapse accident at Luban Road of Shanghai Metro