Table 1 The relative error value of final displacement values of the sensors in the fixed-distance tests.

From: Monitoring subsurface soil displacement in karst collapse by designing a MEMS-based spherical monitoring device

Test

Time/s

Integral displacement

Relative error

Mean relative error

MEMS

Sensor /mm

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/mm

MEMS

Sensor /%

MEMS spherical

monitoring device /%

MEMS

sensor

/%

MEMS spherical

monitoring device /%

a

7.60

317.3

308.8

5.77

2.93

8.76

6.73

b

9.55

326.9

317.1

8.97

5.70

c

9.65

328.5

319.1

9.50

6.37

d

9.95

329.3

323.4

9.77

7.80

e

10.35

321.8

318.3

7.27

6.10

f

12.85

334.1

325.5

11.36

8.50