Table 3 The relative error value of the vertical displacement of the sensors in test A and test C.

From: Monitoring subsurface soil displacement in karst collapse by designing a MEMS-based spherical monitoring device

Sensor ID

Vertical displacement

Vertical displacement (PIV)

Relative error

Mean relative error

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/mm

MEMS sensor

/mm

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/mm

MEMS sensor

/mm

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/%

MEMS sensor

/%

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/%

MEMS sensor

/%

1

5.9

7.2

6.7

6.3

– 11.94

14.28

6.76

8.79

2

5.6

6.9

5.2

6.3

7.69

9.52

3

5.0

5.2

5.3

5.7

– 5.66

– 8.77

4

5.5

5.9

5.2

5.5

5.77

7.27

5

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.7

– 4.35

– 6.38

6

4.1

4.3

3.9

4.6

5.13

6.52