Table 4 The relative error value of the vertical displacement of the sensors in test B and test D.

From: Monitoring subsurface soil displacement in karst collapse by designing a MEMS-based spherical monitoring device

Sensor ID

Vertical displacement

Vertical displacement (PIV)

Relative error

Mean relative error

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/mm

MEMS sensor

/mm

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/mm

MEMS sensor

/mm

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/%

MEMS sensor

/%

MEMS spherical

monitoring device

/%

MEMS sensor

/%

1

7.1

7.8

6.7

7.1

5.97

9.86

8.68

10.70

2

28.3

16.3

25.5

17.5

10.98

– 6.86

3

36.4

28.7

32.1

29.8

13.40

– 3.69

4

26.9

31.2

24.8

37.9

8.47

– 17.68

5

7.4

7.6

7.9

7.0

– 6.32

8.57

6

9.7

6.9

10.4

6.1

– 6.73

13.11

7

6.0

5.3

5.5

4.7

9.09

12.77

8

6.4

5.2

5.9

4.6

8.47

13.04