Table 2 Associations of demographic and health factors with emotional well-being.
Variable | Association with emotional well-being | Statistics |
|---|---|---|
Gender | Emotional well-being of males better than of females | t(1106) = 4.61, p < 0.0001 [Cohen’s d = 0.3, small]. |
Age | Emotional well-being does not change with age | r = 0.07, p = 0.02 (N.S.). |
Marital status | Emotional well-being of individuals who are married or cohabiting with partner is better than in individuals who are single and both are better off compared with individuals who are divorced or separated. | ANOVA: F(3,1099) = 15.4, p < 0.0001; post-hoc: married/cohabiting > single > divorced/separated [Cohen’s d: Married/cohabiting vs. Divorced/separated d = 0.61, medium]. |
Children | Individuals with children show better emotional well-being compared with individuals without children. | t(1092) = 3.92, p < 0.0001 [Cohen’s d = 0.12, very small]. |
Financial status | Better financial situation (as per the pre-defined groups), is associated with better emotional well-being. | ANOVA: F(2,1097) = 42.2, p < 0.0001; post-hoc: Good > Fair > Bad [Cohen’s d: Good vs. Bad = 0.86, large]. |
History of psychiatric disorders | Individuals with psychiatric history report lower well-being compared with individuals without psychiatric history. | t(1106) = 15.05, p < 0.0001 [Cohen’s d = 0.90, large]. |
General health status | Better general health is associated with better reported emotional well-being. | ANOVA: F(3,1103) = 124.2, p < 0.0001. Excellent > Good > Fair > Poor [Cohen’s d: Excellent vs. Poor = 0.2.43, very large]. |
