Fig. 10
From: Assessment of critical mineral extraction from brines at Mount Meager, Southwestern BC, Canada

Separation techniques for mineral recovery from fluids with the list of minerals that can be extracted with each method. (a) An applied voltage will cause a metal to be electrochemically reduced and deposited onto a cathode; (b) Exchange of similar charged ions between the resin and solution; (c) The mineral is extracted using another immiscible solvent through a chemical process; (d) The adsorbent targets specific charged ions; (e) Selectively permit certain components across a semi-permeable membrane; and (f) The mineral is precipitated by adding a chemical to the fluid.