Fig. 4

GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for CSRDEGs. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, we further explored the biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), molecular functions (MF), and biological pathways (KEGG) associated with 15 cell senescence-related differentially expressed genes (CSRDEGs) in the context of neonatal sepsis (NS). Enrichment analysis of these 15 CSRDEGs yielded specific results, as shown in Table 2. The results revealed that these genes were primarily enriched in biological processes (BP) such as cellular senescence, regulation of MAP kinase activity, myeloid leukocyte differentiation, regulation of the inflammatory response, and the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT. They were also enriched in cellular components (CC) including RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex, secretory granule lumen, cytoplasmic vesicle lumen, vesicle lumen, and transcription regulator complex. Regarding molecular functions (MF), the enrichment included RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding, DNA-binding transcription factor binding, MAP kinase kinase activity, protein serine kinase activity, and protein phosphatase binding. Additionally, the genes were enriched in biological pathways (KEGG), including lipid and atherosclerosis, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, toxoplasmosis, growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The results of the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses are visualized in a bubble chart (A).