Table 3 Comparison of mean results of Microbiological parameters (HBN, MF, DHA) in control soils/substrates and after EM application obtained by different researchers.

HBN

(10⁶ CFU/g)

0.0614^a

0.07045^a

This study

4.78

6.93

Higa and Wididana, 1991⁶⁰

5.477

13.962

Kaczmarek et al., 2008⁶¹

30.93^b

50.3^b

Ghazal et al., 2011⁶²

10.32^b

5.34^b

Frąszczak et al., 2012⁶³

1.2^c

6.033^c

Fan et al., 2016³⁷

~ 2000

~ 5000

Du et al., 2020⁶⁴

~ 0.0000683

~ 0.000205

Borowiak et al., 2021⁶⁵

27.0

38.3

Bauza-Kaszewska et al., 2022⁶⁶

27.8

28.3

Breza-Boruta and Bauza-Kaszewska, 2023⁶⁷

MF

(10³ CFU/g)

0.185^a

0.205^a

This research

9.42

39.1

Higa and Wididana, 1991⁶⁰

117.1

198.1

Kaczmarek et al., 2008⁶¹

1.513

3.02

Ghazal et al., 2011⁶²

3530

1090

Frąszczak et al., 2012⁶³

~ 105

~ 175

Fan et al., 2016³⁷

~ 3.93

~ 3.85

Borowiak et al., 2021⁶⁵

DHA (mg TPF/kg·h)

41.5^a

40.5^a

This research

~ 73.0

~ 65.0

Park and Kremer, 2007⁶⁸

7.89

7.57^d, 8.01^e

Mayer et al., 2010⁶⁹

~ 9.0

~ 10.8

Tang et al., 2010⁷⁰

16.36

26.80

Ghazal et al., 2011⁶²

7.64^f, 2.72^g

9.92^f, 2.86^g

Sharma et al., 2017⁷¹

~ 0.0175

~ 0.0142

Borowiak et al., 2021⁶⁵

~ 86.0

~ 113.0

Elbagory, 2023⁷²

~ 200.0

~ 314

Li et al., 2023⁴²