Table 1 Material parameters.
Materials | Parameters | Numerical value | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Soil | Density (g/cm3) | 2.664 | Measurement |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.36 | ||
Elastic modulus (MPa) | 3.67 | ||
Steel | Density (g/cm3) | 7.85 | |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.30 | ||
Elastic modulus (MPa) | 2.1 × 1011 | ||
Soil–Soil | Restitution coefficient | 0.15–0.75 | GEMM database |
Static friction coefficient | 0.44–0.68 | ||
Rolling friction coefficient | 0.01–0.40 | ||
Soil–Steel | Restitution coefficient | 0.20–0.60 | |
Static friction coefficient | 0.30–0.70 | ||
Rolling friction coefficient | 0.10–0.40 |
