Table 4 Association between mindful eating (ME) sub-dimensions (Mind-Eat Scale) and food intake in 13,768 participants (NutriNet-Santé study, 2023).

From: Mindful eating is associated with a healthier plant-based diet in the NutriNet-Santé study

 

Mindful eating (subdimensions)

Awareness

Beta-coefficients (95% CI)

P-value1

Non-reactivity

Beta-coefficients (95% CI)

P-value1

Openness

Beta-coefficients (95% CI)

P-value1

Plant-based Diet Index (PDI)2

0.33 (0.19, 0.47)

< 0.0001

0.43 (0.29, 0.58)

< 0.0001

0.53 (0.40, 0.65)

< 0.0001

 Healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI)

0.38 (0.23, 0.54)

< 0.0001

0.27 (0.12, 0.43)

0.0006

0.65 (0.51, 0.79)

< 0.0001

 Unhealthy Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI)

– 0.40 (– 0.54, – 0.26)

< 0.0001

0.10 (– 0.04, 0.25)

0.15

– 0.72 (– 0.84, – 0.59)

< 0.0001

Meat consumption (%)

– 0.10 (– 0.19, – 0.02)

0.020

– 0.37 (– 0.47, – 0.29)

< 0.0001

– 0.14 (– 0.21, – 0.06)

0.0003

Fish consumption (%)

0.05 (– 0.01, 0.11)

0.08

– 0.13 (– 0.19, – 0.07)

< 0.0001

0.12 (0.07, 0.17)

< 0.0001

Dairy consumption (%)

– 0.46 (– 0.64, – 0.27)

< 0.0001

0.12 (– 0.07, 0.30)

0.21

– 0.36 (– 0.52, – 0.20)

< 0.0001

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value 3

OR (95% CI)

P-value 3

OR (95% CI)

P-value 3

Diets (%)

 Higher meat eaters (PDI < 51)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Lower meat eaters (PDI ≥ 51)

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

0.90

1.05 (0.99, 1.10)

0.11

1.07 (1.02, 1.13)

0.0038

 Pesco-vegetarians

1.10 (0.99, 1.23)

0.07

1.37 (1.23, 1.53)

< 0.0001

0.94 (0.86, 1.03)

0.19

 Vegetarians

1.13 (0.91, 1.41)

0.27

1.59 (1.27, 1.98)

< 0.0001

1.42 (1.16, 1.73)

0.0006

 Vegans

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

0.12

1.18 (1.12, 1.25)

< 0.0001

1.07 (1.02, 1.12)

0.0089

 

Mindful eating (subdimensions)

Gratitude

Beta-coefficients (95% CI)

P-value1

Non-judgment

Beta-coefficients (95% CI)

P-value1

Hunger/Satiety

Beta-coefficients (95% CI)

P-value1

Plant-based Diet Index (PDI)2

0.54 (0.43, 0.65)

< 0.0001

0.30 (0.17, 0.44)

< 0.0001

0.32 (0.20, 0.45)

< 0.0001

 Healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI)

0.59 (0.46, 0.71)

< 0.0001

0.04 (– 0.11, 0.18)

0.63

0.07 (– 0.06, 0.21)

0.29

 Unhealthy Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI)

– 0.27 (– 0.38, – 0.15)

< 0.0001

0.13 (0.00, 0.27)

0.049

0.19 (0.07, 0.32)

0.002

Meat consumption (%)

– 0.22 (– 0.29, – 0.16)

< 0.0001

– 0.24 (– 0.33, – 0.17)

< 0.0001

– 0.25 (– 0.32, – 0.17)

< 0.0001

Fish consumption (%)

– 0.04 (– 0.09, 0.00)

0.06

– 0.04 (– 0.09, 0.02)

0.22

– 0.05 (– 0.11, – 0.00)

0.04

Dairy consumption (%)

– 0.46 (– 0.60, – 0.32)

< 0.0001

– 0.11 (– 0.28, 0.06)

0.22

– 0.42 (– 0.58, – 0.26)

< 0.0001

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value3

OR (95% CI)

P-value3

OR (95% CI)

P-value3

Diet groups (%)

 Higher meat eaters (PDI < 51)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Lower meat eaters (PDI ≥ 51)

1.09 (1.04, 1.13)

0.0002

1.03 (0.98, 1.08)

0.31

1.01 (0.96, 1.06)

0.73

 Pesco-vegetarians

1.29 (1.19, 1.40)

< 0.0001

1.13 (1.02, 1.24)

0.016

1.26 (1.14, 1.38)

< 0.0001

 Vegetarians

1.41 (1.18, 1.67)

0.0001

1.35 (1.10, 1.65)

0.0034

1.12 (0.93, 1.36)

0.24

 Vegans

1.13 (1.09, 1.19)

< 0.0001

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)

< 0.0001

1.13 (1.07, 1.18)

< 0.0001

  1. CI Confidence Intervals, OR Odds Ratio.
  2. Main model: adjusted for sex, age, educational level, occupational status, monthly household income, smoking status, physical activity, number of 24-hour dietary questionnaires, and dietary energy intake.
  3. 1P-value based on multivariable linear regression with mindful eating as a continuous independent variable and food intake as a dependent variable.
  4. 2Plant-based Diet Index score (PDI), healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and unhealthy Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI) range from 18 to 90, higher scores respectively correspond to a higher plant-based food consumption, healthy plant-based food consumption, and unhealthy plant-based food consumption.
  5. 3P-value based on polytomous logistic regression with mindful eating as a continuous independent variable and food intake as a dependent variable.
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