Fig. 1

Cell viability of L-02 cells exposed to (a) emamectin benzoate, (b) cyantraniliprole and (c) their combinations at different concentration ratios for 48 h. Results are presented as means ± SD of six independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicate statistical differences from control of a single pesticide by one-way ANOVA, respectively. The red font represents the exposure of L-02 cells to emamectin benzoate or cyantraniliprole individually for 48 h in viability assays.