Fig. 5
From: Migration extent and potential economic impact of the fall armyworm in Europe
The potential annual direct economic impact of Spodoptera frugiperda on grain maize gross margins (€/ha) in different EU Member States. Dark bars represent the current (baseline) average gross margins (€/ha) with FAW absence. Green, yellow, and red bars represent the annual gross margin (€/ha) after FAW invasion, corresponding to the 2.25th, 50th, and 97.5th percentile of the Member State-specific yield loss distribution, respectively. The figure was created with the ggplot2 package in R Studio version 4.3.3. (https://www.r-project.org/)
